Renaissance - Humanism Chapter 3

What does the French word "Renaissance" mean?

Rebirth.

What did the Renaissance seek to revive?

Classical art and learning of Greece and Rome.

How did priorities shift from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance?

From finding God to finding man and promoting learning.

Where did the Renaissance begin before moving to northern Europe?

Italy.

Why did the Italian Renaissance eventually spread to northern Europe?

Due to the rise of trade, travel, and literacy.

What economic practice was encouraged by the increased demand for Middle Eastern products?

The use of credit and banking.

How did the Crusades contribute to the start of the Renaissance?

They connected Europe with Muslims, who introduced new ideas.

Why was the de Medici family of Florence significant to the Renaissance?

They used their excess wealth to become great patrons of the arts.

How were the rich Italian city-states of Florence, Venice, and Genoa governed?

As independent republics ruled by wealthy merchants.

Where is the city-state of Milan located, helping it control trade through the Alps?

Northern Italy.

Why did Venice attract trade from all over the world?

It was situated on the Adriatic Sea.

What major religious movement was triggered by the rise of secularism during the Renaissance?

The Protestant Reformation.

How did humanism affect modern political systems?

It encouraged the growth of democracy and the fight for human rights.

What is the core focus of the philosophy of Humanism?

Celebrating the individual and studying Greek and Roman culture.

Who ruled the household and made all decisions in a Renaissance family?

The father.

Why were arranged marriages common during the Renaissance?

To increase a family's wealth, property, and social status.

What was the typical marriage age for men and girls during the Renaissance?

Men married between 30-40; girls married after 16.

How was an educated woman generally viewed in Renaissance society?

As rare, unusual, or exceptional.

What did Medieval art focus on, in contrast to Renaissance art?

The Church and salvation.

What did Renaissance art focus on alongside Christianity?

Individuals and worldly matters.

Which painting technique uses wet plaster to give depth to paintings?

Fresco.

Who are the "Big Three" Renaissance artists?

Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.

Why did humanists want literature written in the vernacular?

To make texts accessible to all people instead of just Latin readers.

What famous work did Dante write about the circles of Hell?

The Divine Comedy.

Who wrote sonnets with a humanistic approach and is called the "Father of Humanism"?

Petrarch.

Why did Desiderius Erasmus advocate for a vernacular Bible?

So that even the uneducated could read the Holy Scriptures.

What book did Erasmus write to mock the immoral behavior of the clergy?

The Praise of Folly.

What 1516 book by Sir Thomas More depicts a world with a perfect social system?

Utopia.

How did Renaissance education change the goal of teaching students?

It taught them to be good citizens and community leaders.

Which social class experienced the most change during the Renaissance?

The middle class.