Subjects Needing Review

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A motivational theory with five levels: basic needs, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

Fill in the Blank: Lower needs must be met before __________ in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.

higher ones

Reinforcers

Stimuli that encourage behavior.

Positive reinforcers

Add rewards to encourage behavior.

Negative reinforcers

Remove unpleasant stimuli to increase behavior.

Classical conditioning

Pairs two stimuli to create a response, exemplified by Pavlov's work.

Operant conditioning

Uses rewards or punishments to influence behavior, associated with Skinner.

Consciousness

Awareness of thoughts, feelings, and surroundings, including conscious, subconscious, and unconscious levels.

Learning Conditions

Factors affecting learning such as environment, feedback, motivation, and practice.

Fill in the Blank: Clear goals and active participation __________ learning.

improve

Flooding

A therapy for phobias that exposes individuals to their fears intensely to reduce anxiety.

Types of Adolescence

Stages of development: early (10-13), middle (14-17), and late (18-21).

What are the three stages of development in adolescence according to Types of Adolescence?

Early (10-13), middle (14-17), late (18-21).