WH1 CH. 10 Medival Kingdoms in Europe

Feudalism

Economic, political, and social system where people exchange their labor for land and protection

Vassal

A lower lord who receives land from a higher lord in exchange for military device and loyalty

Knight

A trained warrior who pledged loyalty to a lord in return for land

Fief

Land (from a few acres to square miles) granted by a lord to a vassal

Feudal Conduct

The agreement betweena lord and a vassal: land and protection in exchange for military service and taxes

Chivalry

A standard of conduct that governed how knights were to act - to be brave, loyal, honest, fight fair, and protect those weaker then themselves.

Manor

A lord’s estate, usually including a village and its surrounding lands; mostly self-suffecient

Serf

An unfree peasant who was bound to the land and could not leave without the lord’s permission

The gradual decline of the _________ Empire brought about the middle ages also known as the ___________ (500-1500 A.D.)

Roman; Medieval Period

What groups overran the Western Roman Empire?

Germanic groups

True or False: After the invasions, Roman nobles retreated to rural areas and cities were left without strong leadership

True

What institution survived the fall of Rome and provided order and security?

The Christian church

The Province of Gaul was taken by the Franks, who were led by _____________. He converted to _________ and The Pope supported him.

Colvis; Christianity

The Pope named Pepin the Short “King by the grace of God,” establishing the __________ Dynasty

Carolingian

Who was the last ruler to successfully unite Europe after the fall of Rome?

Charlemagne

Feudalism emerged because people wanted ________________ from the invasions that occurred after the death of _____________.

protection; Charlemagne

The Lord gave a vassal a __________ (land) including towns and peasants in return the vassal agreed to serve in the lord’s _____________ and pay __________

Fief; protection; taxes to the Lord

What is the difference between a peasant and a serf?

Peasants were free and could move to another Fief. Serfs were bound to the land and could not leave without the lord’s permission

Manorial Sim was the Medieval __________ where peasants and serfs provided ________ and the Lord protected them from raiders like the Vikings and provided them with food and ________.

economy; labor; shelter

A lord’s estate was called a ________. It was mostly self-sufficient, producing everything from food and clothing to tools and furniture.

Manor

Peasants and serfs paid taxes to their lord. How many times per year did they typically pay, and what did they often use instead of money?

Twice a year, often goods like chickens and grain.

What is not a typical duty of a noblewoman?

Leading armies into battle as a trained knight

What was the first stage of becoming a knight?

PAge - A knight’s servant who began training at the age of 7

What was the second stage of becoming a knight?

Squire - a knight;s apprentice who trained in combat and horsemanship

What was the third stage of becoming a knight?

Investiture ceremony - officially knighted at age 21; swore loyalty to God of lord

Chivalry was a __________ or ______________ that governs how knights were to act. Knights were expected to be brave, loyal, honest, and protect those weaker than themselves.

standard; conduct

True or False: Knights always lived up to the code of chivalry?

False

What were troubadours, and what did they sing about?

Knights and their heroic deeds

Moat

A water-filled ditch surrounding the castle that made it difficult for enemies to get close

Drawbridge

Allowed people to enter the castle during peaceful times; raised during attacks

Portcullis

A protective gates that was lowered during attacks

Keep

A tower with thick walls inside the castle walls where the people lived

Bailey

A court guard inside the castle walls

Arrow Loops

Narrow openings that allowed knights to shoot arrows at attackers while remaining protected.

Trebuchet

A type of catapult used to launch giant rocks to break down castle walls

Siege

When attacking armies surrounding a castle prevented anyone from entering or leaving.

Tournaments were mock battles that gave knights the chance to show off their skills. In the event called _______, knights tried to knock their opponent off a horse with a long lance.

jousting

1st Crusade (1096-1099)

Crusaders traveled from Constantinople to Antioch, defeated the Turks, then breached the walls of Jerusalem in July 1099, massacring its inhabitants. RESULT: Territory divided into small regions called Crusaders States.

2nd Crusade (1147-1149)

Crusaders tried to defeat Muslims in Asia Minor, but failed. In 1187, Muslim ruler Saldien seized control of Jerusalem.

3rd Crusade (1187-1192)

Led by Richard Lionheart (England). Philip Augustus (France), and Frederick Barbarossa (Holy Roman Empire). They failed to recapture Jerusalem but negotiated a 3-year truce allow pilgrims to visit.

4th Crusade (1202-1204)

Instead of attacking Egypt, Crusaders captured the Christians cities of Zara and Constantinople, weakening the Byzantine Empire.

5th Crusade (1218-1221)

Crusaders attacked Egypt but failed.

6th Crusade (1248-1254)

A peace treaty gave control of Jerusalem to Crusaders for 10 years; Muslims regained control afterward.

7th Crusade (1248-1254)

Louis IX tried to conquer Egypt but was captured; France paid a ransom for his release.

8th Crusade (1270)

When Louis IX died, the Crusade fell apart and failed.

What was the Final Result of all the crusades for Christians?

Christians were outside from the Holy Land

Why might a vassal having fiefs from different lords cause problems?

If the Lords get in a fight or argument the vassal would have to pick sides.

As kings became more powerful, how did the feudal system change?

The kings got more powerful they replaced lords at the top of the system.

Describe the daily life of peasants and serfs on medieval manor. Include information about their food, work lifespan, and education.

They usually worked all day farming. It was a harsh life and most didn't;t live past 35, didn't go to school and most ate bread and veggies.