Diagnostic Studies II: Exam 1

Platelets arise from

Megakaryoblast

RBCs arise from

Erythroblasts

Granulocytes (neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil) arise from

Myeloblast

Lymphocytes arise from

lymphoblast

Monocytes arise from

Monoblasts

Circulating monocytes become _______ in tissues

macrophages

Mature B lymphocytes produce _______

antibodies. each cell makes specific antibody

Eosinophil function

•Attack and kill parasites

•Attack and kill cancer cells

•Support basophils/mast cells in allergic response

Eosinophilia

•**Hypersensitivity reactions * Allergic

•**Parasitic infections

•Malignancies (Hodgkin’s Disease, Eosinophilic Leukemia)

•Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

•Eosinophilic esophagitis

•Eosinophilic pneumonia

Basophil function

-contain histamin & heparin

-”immune surveillance” cells

-reside in circulation

Mast cells

like basophils but in tissues

Basophilia causes

-CML

-food/drug allergies

-chronic inflammation (ulcerative colitis/Tb)

-chicken pox

-allergic rhinitis

Bandemia

• >10% neutrophils are banded on smear

• immature cells

Neutrophilia causes

• acute bacterial infections

• Neoplasia

• Inflammation secondary to tissue necrosis

• Hemorrhage

• Hemolysis

• Stress

Neutropenia causes

• Radiation therapy

• Latrogenic drugs (gout)

  • BUTE - aplastic anemia

• VIRAL ILLNESS, severe bacterial

• Gram negative sepsis is common

Monocytes function

• break down bacteria (macrophage in tissues)

• communicate with lymphocytes

Monocytosis

• chronic infection (Tb, Brucellosis)

• RA/lupus

• Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis)

• bacterial infection, sepsis

• sarcoidosis

• viral infection

• hodgkins/non-hodgkins lymphoma

Lymphocytes function

•Crucial role in immune system

•Fight bacterial and viral invasion

T lymphocyte function

regulate entire immune system

Lymphocytosis

• Influenza

• HIV early

• Hepatitis

• Mononucleosis

• Autoimmune (Graves, Myasthenia gravis)

• altered/abnormal lymphocytes (Addisons disease)

Lymphocytopenia causes

• late HIV

• crohns

• lupus

• Sjogrens

• corticosteroid

• chemotherapy/radiation

Leukemia is cancer of the _______

bone marrow

Hallmark for Leukemia

elevated WBC with absent source of infection

AML

• Adults

• Blast cell

• AUER RODS

• fever

• hepatosplenomegaly

CML

• old adults

• PHILLY CHROMOSOME

• BASOPHILIA

• splenomegaly

• can be asymptomatic (20%)

• WBC 20-60K

ALL

• kids

• PHILLY CHROMOSOME

• blast cells

• fever

• hepatosplenomegaly & lymphadenopathy

CLL

• old adults

• asymptomatic

• hepatosplenomegaly & lymphadenopathy

Cabot ring

megaloblastic anemia

Howell Jolly bodies

megaloblastic anemia, splenectomy

Pappenheimer bodies

non-heme iron aggregates, Sideroblastic anemia