AP Biology: Unit 3 Cellular Energetics

What is an enzyme?

a protein that functions as a biological catalyst that reduces the activation energy of a chemical reactions

environmental factors for enzymes

concentration of substrate/enzyme, inhibitors, temperature, pH

Competitive Inhibitor

bind to the active site

Noncompetitive inhibitor

binds to the allosteric site

Where did photosynthesis first evolve?

prokaryotes

Where do the light reactions take place?

thylakoid membrane/grana

Input for Light Reactions

water and photons

Outputs for light reactions

ATP and NADPH

What is the function of the ETC

Protons are pumped into the thylakoid space

Linear

PS1 and PS2, synthesizes ATP and NADPH

Cyclic

PS1 only, synthesizes ATP only

Location of Calvin Cycle

Stroma

Inputs of Calvin Cycle

3CO2, 9ATP, 6NADPH

Products of Calvin Cycle

G3P

3 steps in Calvin Cycle

Carbon Fixation, Reduction, Regenration

Location of Glycolysis

Cytosol

Inputs for Glycolysis

Glucose

Outputs for Glycolysis

2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2ATP

Pyruvate Oxidation location

Matrix

Krebs Cycle Location

Matrix

Krebs Cycle Inputs

Acetyl CoA

Krebs Cycle Outputs

2 CO2, 3 NADH, FADH2, ATP

Oxidative Phosphorylation Location

Cristae

Oxidative Phosphorylation Inputs

NADH/FADH2 (Electrons)

Oxidative Phosphorylation Outputs

ATP

Oxidative Phosphorylation steps

ETC and Chemiosmosis

Pyruvate Oxidation function

converts pyruvate into acetyl CoA for use in the Krebs Cycle

ETC function (Cellular Respiration)

Protons pumped into IM space, generate proton gradient

Final electron aceptor

Oxygen