Last minute media shit

Cornford + Robbins

Evolutionary, old media had interactivity e.g teletext, new tech = improved old tech

Boyle + Haynes

Addition (TV and streaming), Speed of communication.

Miliband

Instrumentalist approach, Self censorship of journalists, looking unreasonable.

Curran + Seaton

20th century press barons, media reflects views of wealthy

GUMG

white, m/c male journalists share dominant ideology

Gramsci

Hegemony, Dominant ideology = common sense, unconsciously presented by choice

Katz + Lazarfield

Limited influence of media, audience isn't passive

Baudrillard

Media saturation, Hyperreality distorts reality, Simulacra (reality tv).

Levene

Media = fluid, Easy to reject hegemonic messages + find new outlets.

McLuhan

Global village, time-space barrier collapse, shrinking world.

Strinati

No distinction between high/ pop culture.

Sklair

Blurred lines between infos vs. ads, western consumerism

Ritzer

Global TNC domination, spread of western ideology BUT McDonalds theory

Fenton

Global =/ Universal, US based media causes cultural imperialism

Tomlinson

Pick’n’mix cultures, cultural hybridisation

Mohammadi

Multidirectional flows of culture - Shakira.

Bagdikan

Avoid offending advertisers, repressed stories

Cohen - Agenda setting

Media doesn't tell us what to think but what to think about

McCombs

Media tells us what to think about AND how to think about it (politics)

Cohen

Moral panics, folk devils, deviancy amplification e.g Mods and Rockers

AO3 - McRobbie + Thornton

Galtung + Ruge

News values impact newsworthiness, profit + audience e.g killer clown.

AO3 - Brighton + Foy (Norwegian)

Hall et al

Primary definers (elite), journalists rely on and spread their ideology.

Davis

80% of stories in The Times used churnalism - distortion

Davis

Youth scapegoated, blamed for societal issues, distracts from adult responsibility.

Wayne et al

286/2100 news items on youth, 82% presented as victims or perpetrators of crime.

Lee et al

Elderly ‘golden age’, possess grey £, 15% ads aimed at them.

Mulvey

Male gaze, heterosexual male lens, women objectified.

Ferguson

Cult of femininity, look good for men, good wife/mother.

Wolf

Beauty myth, distraction from feminism

Mort

Rise in male mags, emergence of metrosexual man.

Jones

Liberal bigotry, m/c assault w/c vals, symbolic annihilation, poverty blamed on personal inadequacy.

Cohen

Bourgeoisie media moguls, poor parasitic scroungers, welfare cheats, wealth not linked to deprivation.

Newman

Overfocus on wealthy concerns, stock markets & holidays, ignore banker bonuses.

Hall et al

1970- moral panic, exaggerated and scapegoated black crime.

Dijk

Right-wing papers ignore immigration benefits, moral panic, nationalism

Shah

Tokenism, minorities used as "props" to show diversity

Shakespeare

Disability is othered, not part of mainstream society, used as character trait.

GUMG

mental health seen as violent, creates fear, overrides personal experience

Watson

Disability seen as welfare scroungers

Hudson (actor)

1980 HIV plague, symbolic annihilation

Gill

Sanitised homosexuality, no sexual affection

Craig

Stereotype tropes e.g camp, macho, deviant

James Bulger

Hypodermic syringe model, copy cat murders

Bandura

Social learning theory, imitation of violence

Newson

Drip-drip effect, exposure to killings, young people desensitised

Fesback + Sanger

Catharsis, games outlet for emotions

Katz + Lazarfield

Two-step flow model, messages filtered through an "opinion leader" (friends/family).

Blumer + McQuail

Uses + Gratification model, active audience uses media to meet personal needs, identity, entertainment, information, personal relationships (TV as conversation starter).

Hall

Cultural effects model, media encodes messages, audience decodes, viewpoint absorbed, decoded differently based on experiences (class).

Marley

3 decoding ways, Dominant, Negotiated, Oppositional.