Integumentary System

name the fxn of the skin that classifies it as an endocrine organ

production of an inactive form of vitamin D

name the 3 main layers of skin

epidermis, basement membrane, dermis

avascular, keratinized cells, four to five sublayers?

epidermis

name of the type of cell on the outermost layer of the epidermis

stratified squamous keratinized epithelial cells

Name the 5 layers of the epidermis

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

migration time of keratinocytes from the _________ layer of the epidermis to the stratum ____________ is?

basal, corneum, 20-30 days

which layer of the skin is involved in blister formation

basement membrane

ct layer that separates the epidermis from the subcut fat

dermis

which layer contains the sebacous glands, muscles

dermis

name the 4 cells of the epidermis

keratinocytes

merkel

Langerhans

melanocytes

name the 2 subsections of the dermis

papillary

reticular

describe scleroderma effect on skin

excess collagen, thickening of the skin

CREST

calcinosis

raynauds phenomenon

esophageal dysmotility

sclerodactyly

telangiectasia

telangiectasia common name

spider veins

sweat glands

eccrine - simple, opens directly to skin

apocrine - attached to hair follicle, activated during puberty

sebaceous glans secrete what

lipids, cholesterol

nails are what

hard plates of keratin

flat, nonpalpable rash less than 1 cm (name and ex.)

macule, freckle

flat nonpalpable rash larger than 1 cm (name and ex.)

patch, vitiligo

palpable, elevated solid mass less than 1 cm

papule

palpable, elevated solid mass more than 1 cm

plaque

palpable, elevated solid mass 0.5cm to 1-2cm, deeper, firmer

nodule

palpable, elevated solid mass larger than 1-2cm

tumour

palpable, elevated solid mass hat is irregular and superficial area edema (name and ex.)

wheal, mosquito bite

superficial elevations of the skin with free SEROUS fluid within the skin layer, smaller than 1 cm (name and ex.)

vesicle, herpes simplex

superficial elevations of the skin with free SEROUS fluid within the skin layer, bigger than 1 cm (name, ex.)

bulla, 2nd degree burn

superficial elevations of the skin filled with pus (name and ex.)

pustule, acne

pruritus is communicated using what type of nerve fibers

myelinated type c

mast cells release what which can cause an itchy feeling (2)

histamine

tryptase

substance P is what

neurotransmitter

Xerosis

dry skin

occlusive agents

reduce moisture loss by creating a barrier

humectants

draw moisture from deeper skin levels

emollients

fatty acid which replaces oils on skin surface

progressive absence of melanin production condition name

vitiligo

genetic absence of melanin production condition name

albinism

albinism gene mutations limit what

tyrosinase

increase in melanin condition name

melasma

exposure to the sun produces what vitamin in the skin

pre-vitamin D

describe the pathway for creation of vitamin D

skin, liver, kidney

vitamin D role

intestinal absorption of calcium

promotes PTH actions

temp. eruption of the skin

rash

traumatic or pathologic loss of normal skin structure

lesion

names of types of lesions (3)

blister, blue-red, bullseye

types of rashes (4)

blanched

erythematous

hemorrhagic

pigmented

name of primary bacterial skin infection (2)

impetigo

ecthyma

Impetigo characteristics and causative bacteria

vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions

staph or type b strep

ecthyma characteristics

ulcerations

secondary bacterial skin infections… deep or shallow

deep

2 ex of secondary infections

infected ulcers

itis

cellulitis is caused by what

bacterial infections

which part of the skin layer does cellulitis affect

dermis and subcut

causative agents of cellulitis

staph

group A strep

where is cellulitis most commonly found

legs

verrucae

warts

HPV produces what on the skin

warts

Herpes Simple Virus two types

1: saliva and respiratory droplets

2: genital

explain how HSV reoccurs

hides in the neurons, re-expresses in the same cells

herpes zoster/shingles eruption location

dermatomal segment of the skin

which type of gland is involved with acne

holocrine

describe the components of non-inflammatory acne (1 but splits into 2 subcategories)

comedones: whiteheads and blackheads

describe the components of inflammatory acne (4)

papules, pustules, nodules, cysts

name the two acne types

acne vulgaris and acne conglobata

name the type of acne more common in teenagers

vulgaris

name the type of acne more common to develop later in life, severe

conglobata

dermatoses meaning

disease of the skin

epidermal edema and separation of epidermal cells is what

allergic and hypersenstivity dermatoses

2 types of contact dermatitis

allergic and irritant

Allergic contact dermatitis type of immune response (type)

type IV hypersensitivity reaction

example of allergic contact dermatitis (2)

latex, poison oak/ivy

Irritant contact dermatitis is caused by

chemicals that irritate the skin

examples of irritant contant dermatitis

soaps

which type involves dermatitis involves T-cells

allergic

atopic dermatitis (eczema)

chronic inflammation of the skin; rash occurs along with itching

onset age of eczema

usually before age 5

tx for eczema

topical corticosteroids

Discoid eczema

coin shaped, skin thickening, chronic

name the 3 types of bullous skin lesions (drug induced)

erythema multiforme minor

stevens-johnson syndrome

toxic epidermal necrolysis

erythema multiforme minor describe, and cause

self limiting

HSV infection

stevens-johnson syndrome describe, and cause

<10% body surface

hypersensitivity

toxic epidermal necrolysis describe, and cause, survival

30% detachment

30-50% survival rate

hypersensitivity rxn

skin disorders characterized by scaling papules and plaques

papulosquamous dermatoses

herald patch name

pityriasis rosea

Lichens planus

small, flat topped papules

Psoriasis hallmark

epidermal thickening

red thickened plaques, white/silvery scales

which type of immune cell response psoriasis

T-cell

lice other name

pediculosis

head lice tx

permethrin shampoo

which type of ray causes the most tissue damage

UVB

burns involving the epidermis and various layers of the dermis

second degree

burns that extend into the subcutaneous tissue and may involve muscle and bone

3rd degree

4 factors which contribute to the development of pressure ulcers

pressure

shear forces

friction

moisture

nevi

moles

tan-dark brown, uniform pigment, well defined

nevocellular nevi

burn involving the outer layers of the epidermis

first degree

clusters of nevi growing along epidermal/dermal junction

junctional nevi

nevi with a greater tendency to transform to malignancy, usually larger

dysplastic nevi

most dangerous skin cancer

malignant melanoma

ABCDE acronym for melanoma

asymmetry

irregular borders

different colours

diameter change

elevations

stage IV cancer with a 5 yr survival rate of less than 20%

malignant melanoma