Unit 2 Skin

Largest membrane in body

Cutaneous

Main functions of the skin

Protection, Temp Reg, Sensation, Vitamin D synthesis, and Excretion

3 main layers of skin

epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous/hypodermis

The integumentary system helps regulate body temp through _______ and __________

sweat glands, blood vessel dilation/constriction

When body temp rises, blood vessels

dilate and come to surface

when body temp decreases, blood vessels

constrict and pull away from surface

hypodermis contributes to maintaining body temp by providing

insulation

epidermis is separated from dermal layer by

basement membrane

avascular layer of skin; has no blood supply

epidermis

cells types in epidermis

kmlm
keratinocytes make keratin, melanocytes make melanin, langerhans immune, merkel nerves

this type of skin contains all five epithelial strata

thick

stratum lucidum is generally absent from this type of skin

thin

5 layers (strata) of epidermis

Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale (clgsb)

Dermal layer’s main layer

Reticular

What tissue is the reticular layer (dermal) made of?

Dense irregular connective

Which layer of the dermal has blood vessels and loose connective tissue?

Papillary

Which nerve ending is responsible for itching, pain, temp sensation?

free nerve

Which nerve ending responds to light touch?

Hair follicle receptor

Which nerve ending responds to deep, continuous pressure?

Pacinian corpuscle

Which nerve ending responds to two point discrimination?

Meissener’s corpuscle

Which nerve ending responds to continuous touch/pressure?

Ruffini

these glands secrete an oily substance called sebum

sebaceousth

these glands are usually associated with hair follicles

sebaceous

also known as sweat glands

sudoriferous

main functions of sweat glands (2)

temp regulation and excretion

most numerous sweat glands in the body

eccrine

these glands secrete directly onto skin surface

eccrine

glands that play major role in regulating body temperature

eccrine

glands that become active at puberty

apocrine

glands located in external auditory canal

ceruminous

glands that secrete earwax

ceruminous

modified sudoriferous glands that produce milk

mammary

the dermal layer closest to the epidermis is the

papillary

True or False? The subcutaneous tissue is part of the skin and the integumentary system.

False

Blood vessels in the _________blank supply epidermal cells with nutrients.

dermis

this stratum layer contains many layers of dead squamous cells

stratum corneum

The sweat glands that produce a watery substance and are associated with exercise and stress are the _________blank sweat glands, while glands that produce an organic substance that causes body odor are the _________blank sweat glands.

eccrine, apocrine

glands usually connected by ducts to the upper part of hair follicles

sebaceous

glands usualy open directly onto the surface of the skin through pores

eccrine

When you dive into a cold swimming pool, explain what happens in order to maintain homeostasis.

The blood flow from the deeper tissues through the dermis decreases, causing a decreased loss of body heat through the skin

the dermal layer closest to the epidermis is the

papillary layer

portion of hair that protrudes

shaft

blood vessels in the ______ supply epidermal cells with nutrients

dermis

Blood vessel dilation in the dermis results in _________blank heat loss from the skin, and blood vessel constriction results in _________blank heat loss from the skin.

increased, decreased

carotene is acquired from ______ vegetables. it’s converted into vitamin __.

yellow-orange; A

normal skin color is a result of hemoglobin, melanin, and ______.

carotene

gives skin reddish tint and binds oxygen

hemoglobin

dermis is a layer made of

connective tissue

papillary is made up of

loose connective tissue

reticular is made up of this tissue

dense irregular

hair is anchored to skin by the

dermis

skin glands are specialized _____ glands derived from epithileal

secretory

mammary glands are modified

aprocrine