Year 9 Cell Biology, Energy, and Chemistry Revision

Vocabulary flashcards covering cellular transport mechanisms, cell types, and core chemical principles including atomic structure and periodic table trends.

Active Transport

The movement of substances from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against a concentration gradient, requiring energy from respiration

Diffusion

The spreading out of the particles of any substance in a solution, or particles in a gas, resulting in a net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration down a concentration gradient

Osmosis

The diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution (which has a high concentration of water) to a concentrated solution (with a low concentration of water) down a concentration gradient

Eukaryotic Cell

Cells from eukaryotes that have genetic material enclosed in a nucleus

Prokaryotic Cell

Cells that do not have a nucleus, where the genetic material is free in the cytoplasm

Conservation of Mass

The principle that mass is conserved in a chemical reaction

Scattering Experiments

Experiments providing evidence that changed the model of the atom from the plum pudding model to the nuclear model

Ions

Charged particles that have a charge due to the loss or gain of electrons

Group 1 Metals

Elements (alkali metals) that form ions with a $+1$ charge and react with water to produce hydrogen and metal hydroxides

Noble Gases

Unreactive elements located in Group 0 of the periodic table

Group 7 Elements

Elements (halogens) that react similarly and form ions with a $-1$ charge

Halogen Displacement Reaction

A reaction where a more reactive halogen replaces a less reactive halogen in a compound

Paper Chromatography

A separation technique used to separate mixtures of substances based on the main processes occurring during the procedure