Science (biology) Studying for final

Homozygous

bb or BB

Heterozygous

Bb

Natural Selection

a trait that enhances survival and reproduction in a specific environment.

Fitness

the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. It is often measured by the number of offspring produced.

Benefitcial Trait

A genetic characteristic that improves an organism's likelihood of survival and reproduction in a given environment.

protein

A macromolecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids, essential for various biological functions including structure, transport, and catalysis.

gene

A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building proteins and determining an organism's traits.

meiosis

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing four genetically diverse gametes. It plays a critical role in S reproduction.

codominance

A genetic phenomenon where both alleles in a heterozygous organism contribute equally and independently to the phenotype, resulting in a phenotype that exhibits both traits.

incomplete dominance

A genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another, resulting in a phenotype that is a blending of the two traits.

Phenotype

The observable characteristics or traits of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Genotype

The genetic constitution of an organism, representing the alleles inherited from its parents. It determines potential traits but can be influenced by environmental factors.

examples of greenhouse gases

Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Water Vapor

climate feedback loops

Processes that can amplify or diminish climate change effects, often triggered by changes in temperature or other climatic factors.

examples of human impact on the geosphere

Coal mining, oil, Natural gas, Mineral mining, Petroleum

Fracking

A method of extracting natural gas and oil from deep underground by injecting high-pressure fluid to fracture rock formations.

smog

A type of air pollution characterized by a mixture of smoke, fog, and chemical pollutants, often resulting from vehicle emissions and industrial activities.

Fossil Fuels

Natural resources formed from the remains of ancient organisms, used for energy and heating. Examples include coal, oil, and natural gas.

ocean currents impacting climate how?

Ocean currents play a crucial role in regulating climate by distributing heat and influencing weather patterns. They affect temperatures, precipitation, and storm trajectories across different regions.

Why would melting ice in the arctic impact the North Atlantic Current?

Melting ice in the Arctic contributes freshwater to the ocean, which can disrupt the salinity and density of seawater, ultimately altering the strength and flow of the North Atlantic Current.

Unique human behaviors identified

Tool use, language development, complex social structures, and culture