Supply chain test 4 UARK

CARB

California Air Resources Board.

Scope 1 Emissions

Direct emissions from sources owned or controlled by the company (e.g., fuel burned in company trucks).

Scope 2 Emissions

Indirect emissions from the generation of purchased energy (e.g., electricity used in company offices).

Scope 3 Emissions

Indirect emissions that occur in the company's value chain, including both upstream and downstream activities.

Cleanest vs. Dirtiest Modes

Air is the "dirtiest" (highest emissions);

Rail and Water (Ocean) are the "cleanest" (lowest emissions per ton-mile).

Battery Electric Truck Pro/Con

Pro: Zero tailpipe emissions.

Con: Limited range and long charging times.

Liquidity

The ability of a company to meet its short-term financial obligations.

Most vs. Least Liquid Assets

Most: Cash.

Least: Inventory and Fixed Assets (Land/Machinery).

Cash-to-Cash (C2C) Formula

Days of Inventory + Days of Receivables - Days of Payables.

Return on Assets (ROA) Formula

Net Profit / Total Assets.

Margin vs. Markup

Margin is (Price - Cost) / Price;

Markup is (Price - Cost) / Cost.

Types of Metrics (Measure vs. Metric vs. Index)

Measure: Simple dimension with no calculation (e.g., units).

Metric: A calculation or ratio (e.g., ROI).

Index: Combines two or more metrics to track a process (e.g., Perfect Order).

Developing a Metrics Program (Success Factors)

Must be a team effort involving customers/suppliers, use a tiered structure with specific "owners," and tie goal achievement to individual performance evaluations.

High-Level Relationships (3PLs & Alliances)

A Strategic Alliance is a formal resource-sharing partnership; a 3PL is an external provider performing logistics functions to help a firm focus on its core competencies.

EDI vs. API

EDI is the traditional standard format for doc exchange;

API is the modern way apps share data in real-time.

ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning: The central "spine" of data for the entire company.

WMS

Warehouse Management System: Controls movement and storage within a warehouse.

TMS

Transportation Management System: Manages freight moves and optimizes shipping.

CRM

Customer experience and responsiveness (includes metrics like fill rate, order cycle time, and on-time delivery).

4 Software Categories

1. Planning,

2. Execution,

3. Event Management,

4. Business Intelligence.

What are the main process measurement categories?

• Cost

• Service

• Quality

• Productivity / Efficiency

Auto ID Capture

Automatic identification tech (barcodes, RFID) used to track inventory and shipments.

Common pitfalls of system adoption/upgrades?

• Poor user training

• Resistance to change

• Bad data / poor data quality

• Lack of integration with other systems

• Cost overruns & unrealistic timelines

What does information do in the supply chain?

• Reduces uncertainty

• Improves decision making

• Improves coordination and visibility

• Reduces costs and improves service