PT 5140 WEEK 1

Sagittal (median) plane

Splits body into left and right halves

- Flexion and extension

- Terms used: medial and lateral

Frontal (coronal) plane

- Splits the body into front and back halves

- ADDuction and ABDuction

- Terms used: anterior and posterior

transverse (horizontal) plane

- Splits the body into upper and lower halves

- Rotation

- Terms used: superior and inferior

Anatomical position

Body is standing upright and erect, palms facing forward

Superior

closer to head

- transverse plane

Inferior

Closer to feet

- on transverse plane

- "the tibia is inferior to the femur

Cranial/cephalid

Closer to the head

- refers to trunk structures

Caudal

Closer to the buttocks

- refers to trunk structures

Posterior

Structures further towards the back

- Frontal plane

Anterior

Structures further to the front

- Frontal plane

Dorsal

Posterior and refers to the back

Ventral

Anterior and refers to the belly

Medial

Structures closer to the midline

- sagittal plane

Lateral

Structures further away from the midline

- sagittal plane

Distal

Structure is further away from the trunk or midline

Proximal

Structure is closer to the trunk

Superficial

Structure closer to the body's surface

deep

Structure is deeper in the body

Extension

Movement that straightens a joint

- most joints are extended in anatomical position

Flexion

Movement that bends a joint or brings bones closer

- most joints are flexed in the fetal position

Adduction

Brings a limb medially towards the body's midline

- Frontal plane movement

- for appendages

Abduction

Moves a limb laterally away from the midline

- frontal plane movement

- for appendages

Medial (internal) rotation

limb turns in towards the midline

- shoulder and hip joints

lateral (external) rotation

Swings the limb away from midline

- shoulder and hip joints

Axial skeleton rotation

Right and left

- head and vertebral column

- always superior moving on top of inferior

- moving body right means you've rotated left

Circumduction

A combination of four movements-- flexion, extension, adduction, abduction

- cone-shaped movement

- occurs where all directions are available

- wrist, shoulder, hip, fingers

lateral flexion

Side bending left or right

- occurs only at axial skeleton

Supination

Turning the palm up

- holding a bowl of soup

Pronation

Turning the palm down

- PRO basketball player

opposition

Movement of the thumb to touch the fingertips

- occurs only at carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Inversion

Turning the sole of the foot inward

- closer to midline

Eversion

turning the sole of the foot outward

- away from midline

plantar flexion

Points foot to the ground

- only refers to ankle

Dorsiflexion

Points foot up

- only refers to ankle

Protraction

Moving a part forward/anterior

Retraction

moving a part backward/posteriorly

Elevation

Movement upward/superiorly

- scapula and jaw

Depression

Movement downward/inferiorly

- scapula and jaw

Unilateral

Using one side of the body

Bilateral

Using both sides of the body

Ipsilateral

on the same side as something else

- right arm, right leg

- ipsi = same

Contralateral

On the opposite side as something else

- right arm, left leg

- contra = opposite