TCFP FF2

Black color coded sprinklers have what color bulb?

Orange/Red

White color coded sprinklers have what color bulb?

Yellow/Green

Blue color coded sprinklers have what color bulb?

Blue

Red color coded sprinklers have what color bulb?

Purple

Green color coded sprinklers have what color bulb?

Black

Orange color coded sprinklers have what color bulb?

Black

Black color coded sprinkler systems have a temperature rating of -

135 - 170

White color coded sprinkler systems have a temperature rating of -

175 - 225

Blue color coded sprinkler systems have a temperature rating of -

250 - 300

Red color coded sprinkler systems have a temperature rating of -

325 - 375

Green color coded sprinkler systems have a temperature rating of -

400 - 475

Orange color coded sprinkler systems have a temperature rating of -

500 - 575

Orange colored sprinkler systems can have a temperature rating up to -

650

Blue hydrants have a gpm of -

1500+

Green hydrants have a gpm of -

1000 - 1500

Orange hydrants have a gpm of -

500 - 999

Red hydrants have a gpm of -

0 - 500

_________ is the most common building material used in North America and is the main component of many structural assemblies

Wood

Lumber of smaller dimensions needs to be protected by ______ drywall or insulation to increase it's resistance to fire

Gypsum

Wood with high moisture content is sometimes referred to as ______

Green wood

Masonry includes bricks, stones and _________

Concrete blocks

Brick and stone are generally used to create ______ ______, which are decorative covers for wood, metal, and concrete-block load bearing walls

Veneer walls

Stones and concrete may lose small portions of their surface when heated, a condition called _______

Spalling

Metal building materials commonly used include ___ _____, steel, aluminum and copper

Cast Iron

Metals are used to provide: (3 total)

- structural support

- decorative coverings

- fasteners

What are the two types of iron found in buildings in North America?

- cast iron

- wrought iron

Cast iron stands up well to fire and intense heat, but it may ______ or ______ when rapidly cooled with water

Crack or shatter

______ is the primary material used for structural support in the construction of large buildings

Steel

Steel structural members ________ (_________) when heated which tends to push the walls oit

Lengthen (elongate)

From a firefighters perspective, awareness of the type of _______ used in a particular structure is vitsl

Steel members

Firefighters also need to determine how long steel exposures have been ____ ____ _____

Exposed to heat

Steel begins losing its strength at around _______ degress

570

Elongating steel can push out loadbearing walls and cause a collapse. But what will happen if the walls can withstand the elongation?

The steel will fail and sag somewhere in the middle, causing collapse of uppers floors or the roof

Reinforced concrete is internally fortified with ___________ ______ (_____) or _______ ______

Reinforcement bars (rebar) or wire mesh

What is compressive strength?

The ability to withstand pressure on the surface

What is tensile strength?

The ability to withstand being pulled apart or stretched

Why is gypsum unique?

It has a high water content that absorbs a great deal of heat as the moisture evaporates

Interior laugh and plaster walls can be ____ ________ to penetrate with axes or hand tools

Very dificult

________ is typically used for insulation

Fiberglass

Most plastic will ______ and contribute to the fuel load

Melt

Why are composite or engineered materials frequently used to substitute for wood or steel framing found in older buildings?

Because they are cost effective and fairly easy to manufacture

The structural failure of a building or any portion of it, resulting from a fire, snow, wind, water, or damage from other forces, is referred to as __________

Structural collapse

Church steeples, water tanks, chimneys, and false facades that extend above the structure must be viewed as a potential ________ __________even if the structure is not

Collapse hazard

Type I construction high-rise buildings are not likely to collapse, making the primary concern the hazard of _______ _______ ______ ______ or curtain walls

Flying glass from windows

If Type I structural collapse does occur, it will be _________ and not structure wide

Localized

When exposed the temperatures above ________, and protect still will expand and twist, pushing out walls, and when cool, will slightly constrict

1000 degrees

Masonry construction can collapse in ___ _____ or _____

One piece or crumble

When masonry construction collapses, the debris can travel some distance and cause what?

The collapse of other structures or objects

Walls in type V construction may collapse ________ or _________

Inward or outward

You should plan for a collapse zone at any fire incident with what type of building construction?

Type V

What is a curtain collapse?

Materials fall straight down

Lightweight trusses and engineered floor systems can fail in _________

Minutes

Collapse of structures using _________ construction can occur early in the incident without warning

Lightweight

What type of buildings can pose an even greater danger of fire in collapse?

Abandoned buildings

What features will affect the length of time the structure will maintain integrity under heat exposure? (5 total)

- building size

- compartmentation

- construction type

- fuel load

- Materials

The______ __ ___ ____ can easily indicate the quantity of heat that the structure has been exposed to and the potential for structural collapse

Stage of the fire

Why is collapse more likely in the decay stage and during post-suppression activities?

Due to the weakened state of structural members and the build up of water

How can the contents within the structure contribute to collapse? (3 total)

- generating higher temperatures

- adding dead weight

- increasing weight from water retention

What are two ways you can gain knowledge of the contents within a structure?

- preincident plans

- inspections

A ________ _________ must be established adjacent to any exposed exterior walls of the structure

Collapse zone

Traditionally, collapse zones have been estimated by multiplying the height of the structure by a factor of ______

1-1/2

Collapse zones should be established when: (3 total)

- indications that prolonged fire or heat has weakened the structure

- A defensive strategy has been adopted

- Interior operations cannot be justified

The size of a collapse zone must take into consideration the following: (3 total)

- type of building construction

- other exposures

- safest location for apparatus and personnel

What 3 immediate action steps must be taken if firefighters suspect a collapse?

- begin exiting the building, and inform command and all others inside

- establish and clear the collapse zone

- roll call

When a collapse is suspected, what is the only exception to personnel working in the collapse zone?

To cautiously place unstaffed master stream devices and then immediately withdraw

What are the two primary types of dangerous conditions that may be posed by a particular building?

- conditions that contribute to the spread and intensity of the fire

- conditions that make the building susceptible to collapse

What is one danger HVAC systems pose during a structure fire?

Ducts can move heated air and products of combustion from involved compartments to other compartments within the structure

Every U.S. gallon of water used to suppress fire adds ___ to ___ pounds of weight to floors that may already be weakened

8 to 10

As an estimate, 250 gpm adds _______of water per minute to the structure

1 ton

Firefighters should ensure the structure is _____ and ______ to leave to the property owner

Secured and safe

Why should firefighters exercise caution during overhaul operations?

To prevent cutting load-bearing components

in areas where the gypsum has failed what could happen

the structural members behind it could/will be subjected to higher temps and could fail

floor assemblies create what

an individual platform that rests on the foundation

Indicators of Structural Instability and collapse

Cracks appearing in exterior walls with smoke or water appearing through the cracks.

Deteriorated mortar between the masonry

what could happen if masonry is exposed to too much heat

concrete blocks may crack but they usually retain most of their strength and basic structural stability heat may also degrade the mortar between the bricks, blocks, and stone the mortar may also display signs of weaking

Collapse Zone

Area beneath a wall in which the wall is likely to land if it loses structural integrity.

Curtain wall

Nonload-bearing exterior wall attached to the outside of a building with a rigid steel frame. Usually the front exterior wall of a building intended to provide a certain appearance.

Drywall

System of interior wall finish using sheets of gypsum board and taped joints.

fiberglass

Composite structural material of plastic and fiberglass that is used in casting for children and elderly for light weight properties

Green wood

Wood with high moisture content.

Gypsum

Fire resistant material used for gypsum plaster wallboard

heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system

Mechanical system used to provide environmental control within a structure and the equipment necessary to make it function; usually a single, integrated unit with a complex system of ducts throughout the building.

Rebar

Short for reinforcing bar. These steel bars are placed in concrete forms before the cement is poured. When the concrete sets (hardens) the rebar within it adds considerable strength.

Structural collapse

Structural failure of a building or any portion of it resulting from a fire, snow, wind, water, or damage from other forces.

Structural collapse

Structural failure of a building or any portion of it resulting from a fire, snow, wind, water, or damage from other forces.

Veneer Walls

Walls with a surface layer of attractive material laid over a base of common material.

Steel will support ___ or less than designed load and can fail at any given time after flashover

40%

___ and ___ content affect how wood reacts to fire conditions

Size and moisture

Concrete blocks may crack, but they usually:

Retain most of their strength and structural stability

Heat may degrade mortar between the bricks, block and stone. Morgan can show the signs of:

Weakness

Metal Building Materials usually include

Cast iron, steel, aluminum, and copper

Steel elongates at

1,000 degrees over 9 in

Steel fails at temperatures near or above:

1000 degrees

Many escalators have manual stop switches located:

On the handrail support at the top and bottom of the unit

Who should determine the location of the outer perimeter at technical rescue incidents?

Incident Commander

Which pulling tools are typically mounted on the front, rear or side of a vehicle and are stronger and faster to deploy than other pulling devices?

Winches

Firefighters who are working on or near a roadway must wear _________, even if they are not engaged in fire suppression or extrication

an approved retroreflective vest

what is a disadvantage of using lifting jackets?

They may shift, allowing a vehicle to move.

Which statement about technical rescue is accurate

Never attempt to perform rescue tasks for which you are not trained, qualified or equipped.

When personnel are in the warm zone, they must

be in full PPE and be ready to enter the hot zone.