Urogenital Physical Examination in Small Animals

A set of vocabulary flashcards related to urogenital physical examination and anatomy in small animals.

Anuria

Absence of urine production.

Dysuria

Painful urination.

Filtrate

Liquid that has passed through a filter.

Oliguria

Abnormally small volume of urine production.

Paraphimosis

Foreskin will not pull back over the penis.

Polyuria

Increase in daily urine volume output.

Pollakiuria

Frequent urination.

Stranguria

Straining to urinate.

Tenesmus

Feeling of incomplete defecation.

Urachus

Tube that connects the bladder to umbilical cord in utero.

Glomerular Filtrate

Plasma forced out of capillaries into Bowman’s space.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A hormone that regulates urine volume.

Cystocentesis

A procedure for urine collection performed using a needle and syringe.

Nephron

The functional unit of the kidney.

Urolithiasis

Formation of urinary stones.

Pyometra

Infection of the uterus leading to pus accumulation.

Prostatic Hyperplasia

Enlargement of the prostate gland, commonly seen in older males.

Hypoplastic vulva

A condition characterized by an underdeveloped vulva.

Cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder.

Urinary Catheter

A tube used to drain urine from the bladder.

Urogenital anatomy: female

KIdneys/ ovaries/uterus/bladder/vagina

Female anatomy

Ovasry

uterine horne

uterine body

ureter

urinary bladder

colon vagina

Male anatomy

Testicular vessels, urinanary bladder ureter

ductus deferens

pelvis symposis/ prostate glads

testicle

bulbus glandis

penis

prepuce

Nephron filtration and reabsorption

Waste products from capillaries move to filtrate 🇦 hydrogen/ potassim/ ammonia antibiotic drugs some urea

22% of original plasma that becamse glomerular fitrate is reabsorbed into peritubular capilaries : SOdium/glucose/ amino acids/ potassium/ calcim/mangeseum/ chloridee/ bicarbonate/ some urea/water

Urogentital disease: Patent Urachs

TUbe that connects bladder to umbilical cord in utero

persitant/patent: congentital defect usually pppies rare in kittens

SIgns- unable to control uriation

dribbling from umbillicus

rine scalding UTI

Urine scalding

Irritaton fo skin due to chronic dribbling of urine and lying in urine

Vaginitis

Common in puppies

Usually after first Estrus( heat cycle)

Adult- anatomic/ bacterial infection

Signs- redness/ discharge/ licking chewing

Hypoplastic Vulva - hooded vulva - signs

Frewuent licking of vulva

Frequent UTI

red/ swollen

foul odor PU

blood in urine

Cystitis - feline

Feline Idiopathis ( FLUTD)

Symptoms- dysuria- painful urination

inappropriate urination

Pollakiria- frequent urination

licking area

heamturia

cloudy urine

Urolithiasis Canine

Struvite stones

Urolithiasis feline - stones

anuria collapse death obstruction dysuria

Pyometra Signs

Vulvar discharge

abdominal enlargement

Vomitins/ PU/PD

Dehydration

Azotemia- nitrogen/ urea in blood

Glomerular injury- tubular injury / both

Azotemia

Nitrogen/ blood in urine

Uterine Prolapse

Rare

usually occurs immediatley beore/ during up to 40 hours after birth

Prostatic Hyperplasia

Bilobed

enlarged prostate

strain to deficate

palpation on prostate

100% avoidable with neuter castration

Prostatitis

Predisposed to bacterial infection

anorexia

fever/ lethargy

stiff gait in rear limbs

Prostatic Obcess

Temesmus- felling the need to poop deficate

urethral discharge

hematuria

lethargy

pain/vomiting /fever/ depression

Normals

20-40 ml / kg/ day in 24 hours

heat/ humidity/ panting/ vomiting / fluid intake/ food/ acitiviy/ size and species

Abdominal palpation

Kidneys - caudal to the ribs

cats easily palpable

dogs- renomegly or thin patient

feel for size/ shape/ evidence of pain

Urinary bladder

feel for- distention- thickness

rare feel for stones

Recal palpation - male

Palpate ventral to the rectm

cranial pelvic brim

BILOBED WITH MEDIAN RAPHE

walnut sized/ smooth/ symetrical/ nonpainful

Female Uterus exam

VEntral to rectum caudal to prostate (male)

fell for abnormal- stones or masses

Penis / dital urethral exam

Pull back prepuce

extrude penis

look for mass/ discharge

Paraphymosis- foreskin will not pull back oer penis

Vulva exam

Note

redness/ swelling/ discharge hypoplasia / masses

Temorary Urinary catheter

Collect urine sample

empty the bladder

remove urethral obstruction

assess to urinarary tract radiograph

INdwelling catheters

Treatment

nursing

keep patient from urinary scalding

Canine Male catheter size

under 9 kg 3.5 F

9-23 kg- 5 ot 8 Fr

23 kg- 10 or 12 Fr

Canine Feline size catheter

under 9 kg- 5 Fr

6-23= 8-10 Fr

23- 10 - 12 Fr

Streigth catheter

in and out

one time use

PVC

Tom cat catheter - slippery sam

feline urinary cateter

urethral obstruction

Polypropylene

INdewellin gcatheter- Foley catheter

made of latex/ balloon with tip sterile