Psych 200 chp1 (powerp and txtb) pt.2

Perspectives of Psychology

Psych

soul

Ology

scientific study of

Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic Perspective

•Focus on unconscious, early development

Psychoanalytic

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious and early childhood experiences.

What did Sigmund Freud believe

Believed that one way the unconscious mind could be accessed was through dream analysis.

What is Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic also known as

•Psychoanalytic model

•Freudian theory

•Jungian theory

•Object Relations Theory

•Ego Psychology

Major psychoanalytic/psychodynamic proponents

Sigmund Freud

Carl Jung

Alfred Adler

Anna Freud

Erik Erikson

John Bowlby

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Model Basic Ideas

•first 5 years of life are the most critical to a person’s development.

What did freuds first clinical experience lead him to develop

•theory of personality, which included the unconscious mind, psychosexual stages,  and defense mechanisms.

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic

Psychoanalysis

Hypnosis

Dream Interpretation

Analysis of defense mechanisms

Free association

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic strengths

-has led to modern psychotherapy

-irrefutable

-the theory holds heuristic value despite limitations

Pyschodynamic weaknesses

-Very controversial model

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Empirical Method

for acquiring knowledge is one based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities.

what are the 3 divisions of the behavioral/learning model

classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social/cognitive learning(SLT)

Behaviorism Major Ideas

•the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only

•Behaviors must be directly seen and measured

•Behavior results from learning and experience; Behaviors with positive outcomes are more likely to be repeated and negative outcomes are less likely to be repeated

When you think of classical conditioning think of…

Ivan Pavlov who Studied conditioned reflexes in which an animal produced a reflex (unconscious) response to a stimulus (salivating in the presence of food) and, over time, was conditioned to produce the response to a different stimulus (salivating to the sound of a bell) that the experimenter associated with the original stimulus (Food and bell became associated).

Pavlov demonstrated that a reflex

•demonstrated that a reflex could be conditioned (learned) Watson believed that phobias were learned.

•case of “Little Albert”: taught to fear a white rat

Father of behaviorism

John B. Watson

Behavioral Model- Operant conditioning

Think of B.F Skinner

•Reinforcement

•Skinner’s operant conditioning of voluntary behavior became a major force in the twentieth century. He introduced the concept of reinforcement to behaviorism.

When you think of behavioral model-social and cognitive theory

Think of Proponent figure Albert Bandura and the bobo doll study

What was the Bobo doll study?

Bandura's Bobo doll study (1961) indicated that individuals (children) learn through imitating others who receive rewards.

What are some behavioral therapeutic interventions

•Systematic desensitization (CC)

•Flooding/Exposure Therapy/Implosion Therapy (CC)

•Behavior Modification (OC)

•Token economy system (OC)

•Role-playing (SLT/S&CL)

What are the strengths of the behavioral model e

•has supplied practical solutions to many human problems (e.g. autistic children people with phobias

•significant benefits from behavior therapies including systematic desensitization.

Behavioral Weaknesses