(2) ch 34-Vertebrate Evolution and Diversity

Superorder Clupeimorpha

Food source for many predators, Inner ear to gas bladder

Superorder Osteriophysi

 alarm signals, Barbels

Superorder Protacanthopterygi

Overfishing, anadromous

Superorder Stenopterygii

 vertical migration (30ft-10,000ft)

Superorder: Acanthopterygii

Spiny rays on first dorsal fin, pelvic and anal fin,

Vertebrae

have developed zygapophyses

cervical vertebrae

allows the head to be lifted

second vertebrae

Side to side movement

What are the advantages of terrestriality? Why are these adaptations important? 

An increase in metabolism and development due to higher body temperature. Doubles metabolic rate

What is a “fishapod”?

A fish with tetrapod features, this animal probably could not walk on land but could lift itself out of the water.

What fish characteristics does it have? 

fish characteristics does it have? 

– Scales

– Fins

– Gills and lungs

Tetrapod characteristics?

Neck, Ribs, Fin skeleton,Flat skull, Eyes on top of skull

Amnion

Protects from dehydration and mechanical shock

Yolk sac

Nutrient storage

Albumin

Nutrient storage

Allantois

stores waste, gas exchange

Chorion

Gas exchange

How do they differ from amphibians?

Skin smooth/ moist

 What are the general characteristics for the reptiles

Tough, dry skin , Crushing or gripping jaws, Copulatory organs, developed lungs

Carapace

outside shell

Plastron

Inside shell

 What are the modifications made to a snake’s jaw for eating large prey?

Bones of jaw are attached by muscles and ligaments,  Moveable palate

How are crocodilians different from other reptiles? 

• Largest living reptiles, Most closely related to dinosaurs,four chambered heart