Music section III pt. 2

Historians know that prehistoric boats exist due to what type of art?

Art on pottery and fresnos (wall art)

Where is the oldest known image of a boat found?

In modern day Kuwait

How far back does the oldest depiction of a boat date?

sixth millennium BCE, earlier than the wheel

What cultures had earliest widespread use of sails?

The mediterranean and Southeast Asian cultures

Which explorer encountered dugout canoes in the Carribbean?

Christopher Columbus

Christopher columbus noted that dugout canoes could hold up to how many men, and could go up to what speed?

90 men, six knots an hour

In 1606, a canoe paddled by how many islanders, came out to trade with the English?

40-50 islanders

How far is mainland South America from its periphery islands? (minimum distance)

150 kilometers (93 miles)

In addition to traveling between islands, dugout canoes could also make the distance from where to where?

From islands to mainland south America

In what century did ship building and navigation skills make ocean voyages more commonplace in Europe?

mid-15th century (1400s)

What period (years) is known as the Age of Sail?

1450s to 1850s

What is the Age of Sail?

The period of time where Europeans had the widespread ability to traverse the seas thanks to the wind

Whose voyages are the best known voyages across the Atlantic?

Christopher Columbus’s voyages

When did Christopher Columbus begin his voyages?

in 1492

When did the Mayflower begin its voyage?

In 1620

How long was the Mayflower’s voyage?

66 days

When did clipper ships emerge?

in the 19th century (1800s)

In the first half of the 1800s, how long did it take a fast ship to cross the Atlantic?

5 weeks

During the Age of Sail what type of ships reached astonishing speeds?

clipper ships

How many sails did clipper ships have?

20 triangular and 25 rectangular (45 total)

Beethoven and Felix Mendelssohn were both inspired by whose poetry?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s poetry

Who wrote the text that Fanny Mendelssohn’s Wanderlied adds music to?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Which 2 of Goethe’s poems inspired Ludwig van Beethoven?

Meeresstille (Calm Sea) and Gluckloche Fahrt (Prosperous Voyage) both from 1795

What is the name of Beethoven’s Opus 112, in 1815?

Meeresstille und Gluckloche Fahrt

Beethoven’s Meeresstille und Gluckloche Fahrt was designed for what ensemble?

Chorus plus orchestra

Which composers designed a piece titled Meeresstille und Gluckloche Fahrt?

Beethoven and Felix Mendelssohn (they work separately)

Felix Mendelsohnn’s Meeresstille und Gluckloche Fahrt was designed for what ensemble?

Orchestra only

When did Felix Mendelssohn’s Meeresstille und Gluckloche Fahrt primere?

1828

When did Beethoven’s Meeresstille und Gluckloche Fahrt primere?

1815

Who composed a much more recent version of Meeresstille und Gluckloche Fahrt (2012)?

Christopher Gunning

What was Christopher Gunning’s more recent version of Meeresstille und Gluckloche Fahrt called?

Night Voyage

Who developed the first commercially successful steamboat?

Robert Fulton (1765-1815)

What is the name of the first commercially successful steamboat?

The Clermont

Who invented the Clermont?

Robert Fulton

In its trial run, the Clermont covered the distance from where to where, in 32 hours?

New York to Albany

How long did the Clermont take to travel from New York to Albany?

32 hours

How long did traditional sailing vessels take to travel from New York to Albany?

4 days

What was the name of the first ship to cross the Atlantic by relying solely on steam power?

the Sirius

How long is the Distance from New York to Albany?

150 miles

What year did the Sirius cross the atlantic?

1838

What happened to the Sirius in the final leg of its journey across the Atlantic?

It ran out of coal

Early steamboats used a mix of which to types of propulsion to cross the Atlantic?

steam and sail propulsion

What did the Sirius have to do to make the final leg of the trip across the Atlantic?

Burn varius items

What was the Titanic’s last stop before it went out to sea?

Ireland, on April 11th, 1912

How long did the Sirius’s voyage across the Atlantic take?

19 days

On average, what speed was the Sirius able to achieve on its voyage?

6.7 knots per hour, and 161 miles a day

How long did the Sirius hold its record its record for crossing the Atlantic in the fast time?

3 ½ hours

What ship beat the Sirius’s record and crossed the Atlantic in 16 days?

The Great Western

On average, what was the Great Western’s speed?

8.75 knots per hour, and 210 miles per day

What path did the Great Western take across the atlantic?

England to New York

What was the name of the first ship to provide regular passenger service?

The Great Western

How many passengers could the Great Western carry?

148 passengers

What type of ship was the Titanic?

A Royal Mail Ship (RMS)

In 1912, what was largest ship in the world?

The Titanic

How many people could to titanic hold?

3,500 people (900 of which were crew)

Why was the Titanic not at full capacity when it set sail in April?

Passengers preferred to travel by sea in the summer months

When the Titanic set sail for the last time, how many people total were on board?

2,223 passengers

When the Titanic set sail for the last time, how many passengers were on board?

1,324

When the Titanic set sail for the last time, how many crew members total were on board?

899

Why is the number of people on board the Titanic when it sank, unclear?

The American and British came out with different numbers after their investigation, and some numbers didnt account for non-crew, non-passengers, such as musicians

How long was the Titanic’s journey from England to the U.S. supposed to take?

6 days

Thanks to outdated British regulations, the lifeboats aboard the Titanic could only carry what percentage of the passengers?

50% of them

What date did the Titanic sink?

April 15th

How many people survived the Titanic sinking?

706 people

How many more people could have survived the Titanic if the lifeboats had been full?

another 500

When was the Titanic wreckage rediscovered?

It was rediscovered in 1985

Composer Maury Yeston (b. 1945) was inspired by which 2 events?

The Titanic (1912) sinking and the Challenger (1986) exploding

What message(s) did Maury Yeston draw from the titanic and the Challenger?

Humans shouldnt put absolute faith in technology, and failed dreams dont stop humans from trying again

What is the name of the space shuttle that exploded upon launch in 1986?

The Challenger

Maury Yeston says what had carried everybody’s dreams?

The Titanic

Who was troubled by the fact that more first class passengers survived than third class passengers?

Maury Yeston

When did the stage production Titanic premiere?

April 23rd, 1997

What is the definition of musical theatre?

A stage genre that has a compelling storyline as well as songs that are important to the plot

The ability of the Titanic production to send a meaningful message, classifies it as what?

Musical Theater

What is a book in musical theater?

The plot and spoken dialogue

Who wrote the book for Titanic?

Peter Stone

Who wrote the lyrics, poetry, and songs used in Titanic? (stage production)

Maury Yeston

Which 2 people that work on the Titanic stage production received tony awards for their work?

Maury Yeston and Peter Stone

What award did Maury Yeston and Peter Stone win for their work on Titanic?

The Tony award

What does the Tony award?

Outstanding works on Broadway (theater)

What does the Oscar award?

Outstanding movie production

Maury Yeston won a Tony in what category for Titanic?

“Best Original Musical Score”

Peter Stone won a Tony in what category for Titanic?

“Best Book of a Musical”

The show Titanic won Tony awards in which categories? (3 of them)

“Best Scenic Design” “Best Orchestrations” “Best Musical”

What organization awards Tonys?

The American Theater Wing

Why did the stage show Titanic win “Best Scenic Design”?

It had a stage that tilted after the Titanic’s collision.

What award did the Titanic stage production win in the awards first year being presented?

“Best Orchestrations”

What year did the Titanic movie and stage production come out?

1997

Who directed the Titanic movie?

James Cameron

Where did the Titanic begin boarding?

Southampton, England

What countries did the Titanic stop at before the fatal journey?

England→ France→ Ireland

What was probably a common emotion among many passengers as they boarded the Titanic?

Excitement

In which 2 ways can ships be resupplied while away from docks/harbors?

By helicopter or by support ships

How far away does a support ship need to be from the naval ship that it is resupplying?

30 yards away, while parallel to the ship

What speed does a support ship and the naval ship that it is resupplying need to be going?

The same speed, between 12-16 knots

What is UNREP?

Underway Replenishment, resupplying naval vessels while they are still out at sea

How long does UNREP take?

3 to 5 hours, often at night

During UNREP, what is a breakway?

When connecting lines are disconnected after resupply is finished.

During UNREP, when all the lines are clear, what signal is sounded to let others know?

A long blast from the ship’s whistle