Pharmacology Top 30 item Rationale for Batch 1

Proverbs 16:3

B) Latanoprost

Which prostaglandin analog is used for open-angle glaucoma?

A) Misoprostol

B) Latanoprost

C) Alprostadil

D) Epoprostenol

D) 10 (no unit)

Therapeutic index of a drug with ED50=20mg and TD50=200mg is:

A) 10 mg

B) 0.10 mg

C) 0.10

D) 10

B. II,III,IV

True about the shown dose response graph in figure 1.

I. Drug A has higher efficacy than Drug C

II. Drug D is the least potent.

III. Drug C has the highest ceiling dose

IV. Drug B has the lowest efficacy

A. I,II,IV

B. II,III,IV

C. I,III,IV

D. I,II,III,I

C) Constipation

Which of the following is a major extra-cardiac toxicity of verapamil?

A) Diarrhea

B) Hypotension

C) Constipation

D) Reflex tachycardia

B) It induces uterine contractions

Why is misoprostol contraindicated in pregnancy?

A) It causes fetal bradycardia

B) It induces uterine contractions

C) It crosses the placenta and inhibits fetal growth

D) It decreases maternal blood pressure

D) Lercanidipine

Which of the following calcium channel blocker is not associated with reflex tachycardia?

A) Felodipine

B) Verapamil

C) Diltiazem

D) Lercanidipine

B) Bronchodilation, ileus

Which of the following are expected effects of NE?

A) Tachycardia, urination

B) Bronchodilation, ileus

C) Bowel movement, miosis

D) Urine retention, generalized sweating

C) Streptokinase

What drug can be best used for acute emergency case of myocardial infarction due to thrombus formation?

A) Aspirin

B) Heparin

C) Streptokinase

D) Propranolol

B) Glutamate

What is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the BRAIN?

A) GABA

B) Glutamate

C) Glycine

D) Acetylcholine

B) Bromocriptine

A patient with hyperprolactinemia presents with galactorrhea and amenorrhea. What is the best pharmacologic treatment?

A) Dopamine antagonist

B) Bromocriptine

C) Estrogen replacement therapy

D) Oxytocin

C) Dabigatran

Which of the following is an oral direct acting anticoagulant?

A) Heparin

B) Methyldopa

C) Dabigatran

D) Aspirin

D) Tiotropium

This is a long-acting anticholinergic used as 1st line bronchodilator in COPD.

A) Atropine

B) Formoterol

C) Ipratropium

D) Tiotropium

B) Inhibition of Niemann-Pick C1-like transporter

A patient is prescribed ezetimibe for high cholesterol. What is its mechanism of action?

A) Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase

B) Inhibition of Niemann-Pick C1-like transporter

C) Activation of PPAR-alpha

D) Inhibition of prostacyclin synthesis

B) First statement is FALSE; the second is TRUE

Constitutive enzymes are produced in response to inflammation. COX1 is a constitutive enzyme.

A) First statement is TRUE; the second is FALSE

B) First statement is FALSE; the second is TRUE

C) Both statements are TRUE

D) Both statements are FALSE

A) Methylcellulose

Which of the following are the bulk forming agents used for constipation?

A) Methylcellulose

B) Lactulose

C) Senna

D) DOcusate

D) Somatotropin

Which of the following is not a hypothalamic hormone?

A) GnRH

B) TRH

C) Somatostatin

D) Somatotropin

B) Raloxifene

Which drug is commonly used to treat osteoporosis by inhibiting bone resorption?

A) Tamoxifen

B) Raloxifene

C) Flutamide

D) Finasteride

C) Sugammadex

Which of the following agent is specifically used for reversal of pancuronium toxicity?

A) Neostigmine

B) Edrophonium

C) Sugammadex

D) Atropine

D) B1

Activation of which receptor can lead to increase in cAMP?

A) Alpha 2

B) Alpha 1

C) M1

D) B1

C) Methadone

Which opioid analgesic is used in opioid addiction treatment due to its long half-life and milder withdrawal symptoms?

A) Morphine

B) Codeine

C) Methadone

D) Fentanyl

B) Peripheral vasodilation

Which of the following effects is not exhibited by meperidine?

A) Respiratory depression

B) Peripheral vasodilation

C) Sedation

D) Miosis

A) M1

Blockade of which muscarinic receptor is a useful mechanism for hyperacidity?
A) M1

B) M2

C) M3

D) B and C

D) Echothiophate

The only clinically useful irreversible anticholinesterase:

A) Ethosuximide

B) Etomidate

C) Edrophonium

D) Echothiophate

C) Lidocaine

Digoxin at toxic dose can enhance ventricular automaticity leading to increase chronotropy. This can be managed by which of the following?

A) Adenosine

B) Verapamil

C) Lidocaine

D) Magnesium sulfate

C) Fondaparinux (this is a LMW heparin)

Which of the following agent is the most ideal for anticoagulation therapy in pregnancy?

A) Regular Heparin

B) Warfarin

C) Fondaparinux

D) All

B) They cross the blood-brain barrier

Why is diphenhydramine less preferred than Loratadine?

A) They have a longer half-life

B) They cross the blood-brain barrier

C) They inhibit acetylcholine release

D) They enhance dopamine activity

D) Chloride channel blockade

Which of the following causes depolarization?

A) Sodium channel blockade

B) Calcium channel blockade

C) Potassium channel stimulation

D) Chloride channel blockade

B) Pregabalin

Which of the following is not a muscle relaxant?

A) Diazepam

B) Pregabalin

C) Dantrolene

D) Tubocurarine

A) Montelukast

Which drug is most effective in preventing NSAID-induced bronchospasm in asthma patients.

A) Montelukast

B) Zileuton

C) Theophylline

D) Prednisone

C) Cimetidine

Which H2 blocker is associated with gynecomastia due to its anti-androgenic effects?

A) Ranitidine

B) Famotidine

C) Cimetidine

D) Nizatidine