History Perspectives

Equality in India

Gender - women are discriminated against by society and men, they are targeted and face violence such as domestic abuse and sexual violence. They do not have the same power in decision making or respect in the country. This discrimination is rooted in cultural, social, and economic factors that perpetuate gender inequality. Gender are seen as lesser, weaker, while men are constantly praised and given more opportunities and power.

Religion - Hindus are superior in comparison to Muslim population as they are often favored in social, political, and economic spheres, leading to systemic disparities. The governments create laws against Muslims and they are targeted by propaganda and violence as citizenship laws are created to promote Hindus while also targeting Muslims. Muslims are seen as lesser and seen as infiltrators of the country and hide living on the borders of India.

Caste - Dalits are the lower class that are discriminated against by the Brahmins and Kshatriyas and face social exclusion and violence. The caste system enforces a rigid hierarchy that limits access to education, employment, and basic rights, compounding their marginalization. Caste ultimately decides people’s success, and Dalits are seen as lesser and seen as not important or not contributing factors of Indian society.

Haitian Revolution

Gran Blancs - saw the other groups as lesser and wanted to maintain their power, trade with other countries outside of France, and make more money, while continuing to limit freedoms of slaves and free people of color. They implemented oppressive laws to suppress any form of resistance and maintain control over the plantation economy and continued to treat slaves with unlivable conditions leading to the deaths of millions. The other groups resented their power and control, especially the slaves who wanted freedom

Freed People of Color - were in the middle of hierarchy, as they had kids with slaves and freed the children, and served in the militia or own plantation. They wanted citizenship and freedom against discriminative laws because no matter how rich they were they couldn’t get full freedom and were often denied basic rights. They faced hostility from both the Gran Blancs and slaves, leading to a complex social dynamic where their demand for equality and respect created tensions during the revolution.

Petit Blanc - poor white people who were artisans or laborers. They were resentful of free people of color’s privileges and wanted to be given more power than others and status. They perceived their position as inferior to the Gran Blancs, which fueled their animosity towards freed people of color and heightened racial tensions. Their desire for rights and recognition contributed to the revolution as they aligned with the slaves and sought to challenge the existing social order.

Slaves - they made up the majority of the population yet they were the most oppressed group, forced into brutal labor conditions on plantations. They sought liberation from their chains and were driven by a desire for freedom and dignity, which ultimately catalyzed their participation in the revolution. Their struggle against their oppressors was marked by acts of resistance and revolts, aiming to dismantle the systemic injustices they faced.

France to Haiti - saw Hispianola and the slaves as an opportunity for wealth and success while the slaves saw them as enemies who wanted to dehumanize them and exploit their labor. France's colonial ambitions fueled the oppressive systems that enslaved the population, leading to aspirations for independence and self-governance by the revolutionaries.

Haiti to France - Haiti wanted to remove all reminders of French influence from Haiti, viewing them as evil and saying they would rather die than be under French rule. He wanted all French people to leave the island and believed that it would help the Haitians recover. This continues to exist as French then crippled Haiti by forcing them to pay over $150 million in reparations

Haiti to US - Slave revolt leaders thought Haiti should work with the US because they wanted to create a government similar to the US. The US actually turned against Haiti because they are black, blaming the racism in the US for these issues. Haiti saw the US as then trying to use them the same way France did leading to tensions between the groups

Dominican Republicans about themselves - they are proud of their mixed or black heritage and use words that were supposed to be negative towards them in a more positive way, see Spain as their motherland and not Africa, because they were not seen for their skin color as long as they were loyal to Spain.

Haitians about themselves - they were severely oppressed and persecuted by the Dominican government, but now they are proud of this as they have statues that have darker skin tones to match themselves,

Imperialism (Belgium and Congo, Britain and Kenya/Mau Mau Rebellion)

White Europeans to Africans - saw Africa as an opportunity and knew since they were more advanced and had stronger military they could easily take over the countries and the people. After the Berlin Conference, it gave Europeans freedom to colonize any land in their decided area and allow them to do whatever they wanted. They manipulated the people into signing unfair treaties and then treated them horrible simply because they believed they were superior. The imposition of control and dominance over African territories by European powers, justified by a belief in racial superiority and a desire for economic gain through exploitation and colonization. Specifics: Force Publique cut off hands of citizens as they massacred them so they could be paid, they were beat for missing quotas as slaves. Britain hated the Mau Mau religion and oathing ceremonies and actively tried to stop them, leading to a civil war that eventually led to Britain reforming systems.

Africans to White Europeans - viewed them as invaders seeking to exploit their resources and people, leading to widespread resistance and resentment against colonization. This dynamic fostered a clash of cultures, with many Africans striving to preserve their identities and autonomy in the face of European dominance. They resented the white Europeans for their oppression and control and how they often committed genocides against the African groups to enable more economic growth for Europe. Many African groups found ways to fight back non-violently because they knew they could not taken on the European military, like refusing to do what the Europeans asked ultimately making them suffer more than the Africans. The Europeans also stopped/limited the growth of Africans wealth because instead it was given to them. Also suppressed indigenous culture and stopped the spread and growth of it.

India Partition (Imperialism)

Congress Party - Wanted to maintain a united India where Hindus are the majority, blamed suffering and struggled on Britain and economic issues and believed a central government was necessary to fix these issues. Believed Muslim League was dramatic and causing problems for no reason because Muslims and Hindus have lived together for centuries and therefore can continue.

Muslims League - Wanted to create Pakistan as a new country for Muslims to live in so they that could be their own majority and escape the Hindu majority in India that hurt them. Believed that Congress Party was creating unfair and unnecessary laws that only helped the Hindus, and wanted some power in the government so that they could make more fair laws.

Sihks - had very little power and mainly only cared about getting at least the main things they wanted which was to keep their land and not be put under a Muslim or Hindu majority because than they would be oppressed, they preferred for India to stay united and wanted some roles in the government so they would be represented too, but if there was a split they wanted their own free state to rule by themselves.

Start of WWI

Germany - would blame the start of the war on Russia because they mobilized their army which threatened Germany forcing to declare war, and because of the alliance between Russia and France, they needed to take down France first to stop having two wars at the same time so they could beat France (Schlieffen Plan) quickly then Russia, or they would blame England because when Germany invaded Belgium, Britain declared war on them, but in reality, Germany was just protecting themselves. Austria-Hungary needed help because they were being attacked which is why the Blank Cheque was necessary.

Serbia - would blame Austria-Hungary because they sent the unfair ultimatum knowing the Serbia would never accept it just because the rules were unlivable or they would blame Germany for the start of the war because they declared war on Russia and France without any reasoning.

Austria-Hungary - would blame Serbia for murdering Archduke Franz Ferdinand because there was no reason for that, and he was going to become a major leader which is unforgivable. They would also blame Russia because they immediately started threatening other countries when they mobilized their army, and the treatment of Serbs was because if they were accepted into the country they would corrupt it, the ultimatum was necessary because it was completely unfair for them to murder archduke they must be held accountable, and they didn’t accept the ultimatum so we declared war which is what we said.

Russia - would blame Austria-Hungary for the ultimatum that forced Serbia to decline so they knew that they would start a war, and Germany because they immediately escalated the war bringing other countries into it when they declared war on France and Russia. They supported Serbia because they deserved to get help after the ultimatum and the treatment of Serbs in Bosnia. The mobilization was necessary for us to prepare in case of war, but we never said we were going to do anything.

Treaty of Versailles

US - wanted to create end of war with 14 point plan, including Freedom of trade, Freedom of the seas, No secret treaties, Imperialist nations should take into account the views of indigenous population, reduce weapons to minimal level to achieve domestic security, self-determination of nations, create new nations from the old Empires in the East, ensure Germany was not destroyed, not to blame Germany for the war. They mainly wanted to stop future wars.

Italy - wanted to expand Italy and get new colonies and take land from Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empire and they wanted to be paid reparations from Austria-Hungary

Britain - wanted fair peace that hold Germany accountable while leave Germany strong enough to trade. They wanted more land for empire, and wanted to maintain naval supremacy, feared Communism and thought there would be a Communist revolt if they were too harsh on Germany.

France - wanted to punish Germany severely and get revenge

Germany - saw the treaty as very unfair and believed they did not deserve such harsh punishments and did not want to accept losing land and military, paying reparations, and taking blame for starting war

Gender Propaganda WWI

America to Women - asked women to provide as much as possible for the war efforts while still taking care of kids at home. Before the war they were only seen as these elegant women who worked at home and had children and took care of cooking and cleaning, however once the war began and all the men left to fight, women became a necessity to hold jobs, like farming because there was no one else to do it. Women took on roles in factories, nursing, and other essential services, proving their capability beyond traditional domestic duties. Women began to be depicted as farmers and more powerful people who contributed more to society and to the war through their action in the home front.

American women towards themselves - many groups and women wanted to be allowed to participate in the war efforts, especially the YWCA who created propaganda that showed them as workers and encouraged more women to enter the workforce as it would really help the war efforts. They even depicted women as active workers in the battle fields working to help with communication during the battles, and tried to recruit people into the navy and other military sections.

British Women - were still depicted as weak and stay in the home and wait around for men to solve the issues with the war. They did not want to get involved or do anything to help, instead they stayed at home waiting for their husbands, worrying for them, and taking care of the children.

Carl Marx

Promoted Communism and socialism and he hated capitalism and governments and people that were involved in it, he believed that there shouldn’t be nay government and that peasants and workers would run farms and factories to create a classless society where everything was public property with no private wealth.

US Propaganda to Japan + Europe

US used propaganda on everything

Europe - portrayed them as getting walked all over by soldiers and others and only acting too late after teh nazi’s already had enough power. Focused on saying that the military needs support from the people

Japan - Focused on degrading the country as a whole (Eugenics) they portrayed Asians and stupid and disliked and easily defeated by Americans.They made fun of their appearance and tried to recruit more people into the military, maintain morale, and make japan the common enemy

Nazi + Jews/disabled people

Under Eugenics Nazis saw Jews as a threat and created final solution to kill all European Jews and other marginalized groups, including disabled individuals, as part of their belief in racial purity. This led to the systematic genocide known as the Holocaust. They used ghettos, concentration camps, mobile killing squads, and gas chambers to eliminate as many of these people as possible with mass dehumanization that also occurred. They committed many acts of genocide against these groups, justified by their twisted ideology of racial superiority and the need to create a "pure" Aryan race. There had been centuries of anti-semitism that built up to justification in Nazi mind, and them believing Jews actually deserved this treatment

US and Soviet Union in Cold War

US to Soviet Union - the US did not like the idea of the spread of Communism and actively tried to stop it, thye created the containment policy where they would do anything to stop the spread of Communism outside the Iron Curtain, but they wouldn’t help countries that already had Communism escape it. They intervened many times in Latin America to stop Communist revolutions and supported dictators instead because they were so threatened by Communism.

Soviet Union to US - Soviet Union did not like how the US would do anything to stop the spread of Communism when the Soviet Union believed it was helping the world and wanted to spread it all over Europe, and thought the US was trheatening people just to stop Communist spread and was concerned about the military power that the US had, the saw the US as selfish after WWII when they joined after the war was basically over and the US knew they would win

South African Natives + National party Government

Natives to Government - Natives called for change due to oppressive laws that segregated them and set them up fro failure while empowering white imperialists. Group resisted peacefully, more confrontationally, and with violence and many people were arrested and many riots occurred killing people as they asked for change.

National Party to Natives - they saw them as racially lesser and believed their strict laws were ok because they deserved it. Through the homelands policy the government wanted to create a white majority so they separated many groups. They also declared a state of emergency so people could be arrested easier with justification

China Imperialism

British to China - they wanted more freedom of trade for merchants and where they could trade, reduced tariffs, tax paid on ships, an island for trade, and British religion to be spread into China. Britain needs money because they aren’t exporting anything so they begin to sell opium to China

China to British - said no to all British demands and believed that Confucianism. China begins to get upset because they haven’t done anything wrong and Britain is ruining their population through the opium. Chinese begin to be forced into signing Treaty of Nanking that is unfair and gives British everything they want to stop opium crisis and China is forced to modernize and reform to regain power

Stalin (Countries, population, people, russia)

Other countries to Stalin - they saw him as an extremely successful leader because of propaganda he spread about how great the country was doing when in reality it was falling apart. Other countries began trading with Soviet Union and praised by other leaders.

Stalin to population - his mistrusted everyone and saw everyone as an enemy who could threaten his rule. He maintained his power through purges that killed anyone who threatened him as he used torture to make them confess or murdered them which included the educated class, Bolsheviks, and old allies including his own wife. He believed that socialism could be possible since it dominated such a large area

People to Stalin - despite the fact that they were living in horrible conditions, they were forced to glorify him or else they would be sent to the Gulags where they would be worked to death, and his image was everywhere and it was always positive

Russia to Socialism - Stalin’s ideas were quickly accepted by the people because it was appealing since it avoided conflict and turned down capitalist ideas

Communism + Peasants

Peasants to Communism - they did not like Communism because it took all their land away to put into the collectivized farm which led to their famine, peasants burned their land and livestock to limit the governments succes as they were starved and deported by Communists

Communism to Peasants - Communists saw peasants as a threat to society as they refused to participate in collectivization, leading to extreme famine across the country after the Soviet Union realized that they needed to catch up to Western countries

Women and Communism

Positives - more opportunities and equality, able to get an education, given rights to abortion and divorce, were able to work outside the home (many focusing on science), were told they can do what men do

Negatives - exploited for work, paid smaller wages, had to work full time while also taking care of children and home, and neglected by government

Mussolini

believed in facism and that people should always listen to government and do anything for your country, facism will be the future, it is most important to do things and not think about them, socialism is a trick, citizens should be soliders and must always fight for their country, people should be told what to do, wanted to be remembered as very smart and important, war is noble, and that women are supposed to have babies

Women In Weimar Republic

Women to Nazis - they supported theri ideas that women should work in homes and not workforced, they promoted women to gain a larger following, Nazis asked for extra help in war effort and asked women to care for their children and have many childdren while men will fight. Women labored and joined armed forces in war time

Nazis to Women - Women were expected to have as amny children as possible and they supported it financially and they honored motherhood, girls were taught to be obident wives and embrace motherhood, due to war women were neccesary in workforce. Women who didn’t support ideas were perecuted and abortions were punished

Germany to socialism

they saw socialism as a threat to their facist rule and stopped many socialist revolutions that were occuring in Germany. They blamed it for the cause of extremely high inflation and suffering in germany after wwi and created private armies that would stop revolutions

Hilter + Eugenics

Used sterilization to stop disabled people from having unfit children, tried to scare people into thinking the world would become a bad place is disabled people had children, scare unfit women into thinking they would hurt society, healthy people needed to make up unfit population, family trees that show unfit people create disabled children, genetics decide success, wanted to have complete pwoer over reproduction, disabled people hurt society, wanted people to dislike jews and see them as hurtful to society

US to Japanese Americans

The US began enacting laws that limited the freedoms of Japanese immigrants and used euphanisms to make the things they were doing seem less harsh. They justfified incarceration saying that the japanese were a threat to US freedom and that is was necessary for national safety because there would be disloyal Japanese who would help Japan invade the US. They made the camps see enjoyable through films showing lots of food, education, and happy people and as a patriotic act by Japanese Americans. However these only showed the good sides of the camps as the US believed they were doing the best thing possible

Cold War in Cuba

US decided to give Cuba freedom while still having control after Spanish-American War because Cuba had a large and important sugar economy that could beneift the US. US supporter dictators because it would mean they wouldn’t become Communist but when Fidel Castro led Communist revolution the US immediately tried to stop it. This led to the Cuban Missle Crisis and almost nuclear was when the Soviet Union began placing nuclear weapons in Cuba threatening the US and the US threatening to use nuclear weapons and start war with Soviet Union becasue of the Communist threat. Eventually they came to an agreement where missles would be removed from Cuba and near Soviet Union

Cold War in Chile

Allende was elected president and US saw him as Communist and did not like it, they paid the CIA to try to stop his rule but Allende began to reform and nationalize Chile’s companies bringing it back to the people. He began many reforms that angered the rich and he met wiith Castro showing his support of Communism. The US began blockading roads to make the country struggle and the Soviet Union didn’t hep because all their money was being spent on Cuba, General Pinochet was appointed and he attacked their white house and overthrew Allende to lead a dictatorship as a horrible ruler

Cold War in Guatemala

Communism began to enter Guatemala and the US immediately tried to stop it, Arbenz gave the land from the US’s large and successful company (UFC) was nationalized and given back to indigenous people and high ranking people in UFC worked closely with US government and they wanted the company back. They saw Arbenz as communist and wanted to oust him and empower Castilllo Armas because they didn’t want Communism anywhere close to US. Many people were killed in the US attempt to make Guatemala no longer Communist so the Cold War was no actually Cold here.

Berlin Wall comes down

Soviet Union to other countries - Soviet Union leader, Gorbachev decided to give more freedoms to the other countries behind Iron Curtain and no maintain power through force, and he believed the people would praise him for this. In Hungary Soviet tanks smashed Hungarian attempt for independence and Communist government began to lose power, Hungarian revolution occurred again and Soviet Union didn’t stop it. Iron Curtain was taking down and began to disappear and Soviet Union allowed it to happen. Polish Solidarity tried to revolt and it was shut down by USSR and imprisoned leaders. Election occurred and communist leaders lost by so much. German Democratic Republic faced a lot of surveillance and couldn’t act normally, many fled for Hungary where they could be free and embassy’s helped people escape into freedom. Soviet Union stopped GDR military plan to attack GDR revolt and they reformed travel restrictions that were lifted and people were so excited and grateful they were finally free

Chinese Famine + Communes

People about them - they were horrible and caused the worst famine in the world, killing 10s of millions, everyone starving and eating dead bodies trees, soogan roots, herbs, rats, or dogs to survive. Everyone was struggling and suffering and had no joy and peasants were mad at the government because they were put in unfair situations that led to their deaths.

Government about them - believed that they were going to greatly benefit the country, and that they have improved lives and done great things for the country and described them as perfect things. They still don’t talk about the famine and believed communes were necessary so that they could modernize and become self-sufficient in iron and steel so they used farmers to join these plants, but then there wasn’t enough farmers and the unreachable quotas that were put on the communes forced peasants to lie and then be beat and tortured for this because they couldn’t provide the food.

Cultural Revolution

Chinese government to revolters - they saw them as unloyal and traitors, they wanted to maintain capitalism and they massacred hundreds of revolters after they flooded and blockaded the streets, making the government fail and humiliating them.

Revolters to Government - saw them as unfair and unequal leaders who persecuted people asking for Communism and change and put them under oppressive laws, then when they started killing revolters it only pushed them to revolt more and led to a massacre of hundreds who supported Mao and his ideas like the Red Guard and Little Red Book

Appeasement

France and Britain thought that satisfying Germany’s demands would help avoid another war and that the Treaty of Versailles was too harsh so Germany could have some of their things back.