Properties of Matter

What are the two main categories of matter properties?

Physical and Chemical properties

Define ‘physical property’ of matter

A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s identity.

Define ‘chemical property’ of matter

A characteristic that describes how a substance reacts or changes into a new substance.

What is an ‘intensive property’?

A property that does not depend on the amount of matter present (e.g., density, temperature).

What is an ‘extensive property’?

A property that depends on the amount of matter present (e.g., mass, volume).

Give an example of an intensive property.

Density, boiling point, melting point, color.

Give an example of an extensive property.

Mass, volume, length, energy.

What are the two main classifications of matter?

Pure substances and Mixtures.

What is ‘Pure substance’?

Matter with a uniform and definite composition.

What are the two types of pure substances?

Elements and Compounds.

Define ‘Element’.

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

Define ‘Compound’.

A pure substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

What is a ‘Mixture’?

Combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

What are the two types of Mixtures?

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous mixtures.

Describe a ‘Homogeneous mixture’.

A mixture with a uniform composition and appearance throughout (e.g., salt water).

Describe a ‘heterogeneous mixture’.

A mixture with a non-uniform composition, where components are visibly distinct (e.g., sand and water).

What is another name for a homogeneous mixture?

Solution.

What is a ‘solution’?

A homogeneous mixture where one substance (solute) is dissolved in another (solvent).

What is a ‘suspension’?

A heterogeneous mixture where solid particles are dispersed in a liquid or gas and eventually settle out.

What is a ‘colloid’?

A heterogeneous mixture with particles larger than those in a solution but smaller than those in a suspension.

What effect is used to distinguish colloids from solutions?

The Tyndall effect.

Explain the ‘Tyndall effect’.

The scattering of light by colloidal particles, making the light beam visible.

Name one type of colloid.

Sols, aerosols, emulsions, gels, foams.

What is a ‘sol’?

A colloidal dispersion of solid particles in a liquid (e.g., paint).

What is an ‘aerosol’?

A colloidal dispersion of liquid droplets or solid particles in gas (e.g., fog, smoke).

What is an ‘emulsion’?

A colloidal dispersion of one liquid in another immiscible liquid (e.g., mayonnaise, milk).

What is the four states of matter?

Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.

Describe the characteristics of a ‘solid’.

Definite shape and definite volume; particles are tightly packed and vibrate in fixed positions.

Describe the characteristics of a ‘liquid’.

Indefinite shape (takes shape of container) and definite volume; particles are close but can move past each other.

Describe the characteristics of a ‘gas’.

Indefinite shape and indefinite volume; particles are far apart and move randomly and rapidly.

Define the characteristics of ‘plasma’.

Ionized gas, consisting of free electrons and ions; indefinite shape and volume; conducts electricity.

Give an example of a solid.

Ice, rock, wood.

Give an example of a liquid.

Water, oil, mercury.

Give an example of a gas.

Oxygen, nitrogen, air.

Give an example of plasma.

Lightning, stars, neon signs.

What is the Filipino term for ‘Properties of Matter’?

Katangian ng Materya.

What is the Filipino term for ‘Physical Property’?

Pisikal na Katangian.

What is the Filipino term for ‘Chemical Property’?

Kemikal na Katangian

Is boiling point a physical or chemical property?

Physical Property.

Is flammability a physical or chemical property?

Chemical Property.

Is density an intensive or extensive property?

Intensive Property.

Is mass an intensive or extensive property?

Extensive Property.

Is sugar dissolved in water a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?

Homogeneous mixture (a solution).

Is oil and water a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?

Heterogeneous mixture.

Can elements be broken down into simpler substances by physical means?

No, nor by chemical means.

What distinguishes a compound from a mixture?

Components of a compound are chemically bonded, while those in mixture are not.

Which state of matter has particles that are most ordered?

Solid.

Which state of matter has particles that are most energetic?

Plasma.

What happens to light when it passes through a colloid?

It scattered, making the beam visible (Tyndall effect).

What is the primary difference between a solution and a suspension?

Particles in a solution are dissolved and do not settle, while particles in a suspension are larger and will settle.

Differentiate between a pure substance and a mixture.

A pure substance has a fixed composition, while a mixture is a physical blend of two or more substances that retain their own identities.