Auburn BIOL 2511 Practical 2

thyroid gland

what organ does this slide show

parathyroid gland

what organ does this slide show

follicular cells of thyroid gland

1

colloid filled follicles of thyroid gland

chief cells of parathyroid gland

anterior pituitary gland

1

posterior pituitary gland

2

acidophils of anterior pituitary

B

basophils of anterior pituitary

A

pituicytes of posterior pituitary

2

pituitary gland (hypophysis)

what organ is this

adrenal gland (suprarenal gland)

what organ is this

capsule of adrenal gland

1

zona glomerulosa of adrenal gland

2

zona fasciculata of adrenal gland

3

zona reticularis of adrenal gland

4

adrenal medulla of adrenal gland

5

pancreas

what organ is this slide from

pancreatic islets of langerhans of pancreas

2

pancreatic acini (exocrine cells) of pancreas

1

alpha cells of pancreas (produce glucagon)

beta cells of pancreas (produce insulin)

thyroid hormone

a key component in temperature regulation. Without this hormone, the body must rely more on shivering for temperature regulation. This requires more oxygen consumption for ATP generation.

thyroid gland

thymus gland

pericardium

nares

larynx

glottis

trachea

epiglottis

esophagus

stomach

pancreas

caudate lobe

quadrate lobe

spleen

epididymis

ductus deferens (vas deferens)

uterine body

C

uterine horns

uterine tube (oviduct)

ovary

uterus

erythrocytes

platelets (thrombocytes)

neutrophil; yes; bacterial and fungal infection

what is the name of this leukocyte, and is it a granulocyte? what does it fight against?

B-cells lymphocyte; no; produce antibodies to fight bacteria, viruses, and toxins

what is the name of this leukocyte, and is it a granulocyte? what is its function?

eosinophil; yes; parasitic infections and allergic reactions

what is the name of this leukocyte, and is it a granulocyte? what does it fight against?

T-cell lymphocyte; no; regulate antigens and can kill other cells

what is the name of this leukocyte, and is it a granulocyte? what is its function?

monocyte; no; phagocytosis of pathogens

what is the name of this leukocyte, and is it a granulocyte? what is its function?

basophil; yes; allergic and antigen response

what is the name of this leukocyte, and is it a granulocyte? what is its function?

blood type A+

Has A and Rh antigens

Has Anti-B

blood type AB-

A and B antigens

no antibodies

blood type O+

Rh antigens

Anti-A and Anti-B

blood type O-

universal donor

intercalated discs

obstructive pulmonary disease

increased airway resistance (e.g., bronchitis)

TLC, FRC, RV may increase; FEV1/FVC ratio decreases, decreased FEV1

restrictive pulmonary disease

PFT may show ↑ FEV1/FVC.; FEV1, FVC, and TLC reduced

kussmaul breathing

lung volumes and (F)VC decreased

thyroid cartilage

cricoid cartilage

arytenoid cartilage

IRV

ERV

TV

RV

TLC

FRC

VC

IC

amylase

mouth releases salivary _________________ that starts chemical digestion of carbohydrates

peristalsis

Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system

pepsin

________________ released to start chemical digestion of protein into larger peptides. released in stomach

segmentation

mixes the contents of the tract with intestinal secretions, brings chyme into contact with absorptive epithelium, happens in the small intestine

pancreas

releases "pancreatic juice", neutralizes the chyme and releases enzymes for chemical digestion

liver

makes bile, which is stored in the gallbladder. both release bile into the small intestine to emulsify the lipids in the chyme

starch/disaccharides

digestion continues with pancreatic amylase

protein

digestion continues with pancreatic proteases like trypsin

lipid (fat)

almost all __________________ digestion with pancreatic lipase after bile salt emulsification

brush border enzymes

finish up breaking down all the nutrients digestion

protein digestion

begins in the stomach

carbohydrate digestion

starts in the mouth with amylase converting polysaccharides to disaccharides, continues with pancreatic amylase, finishes with sucrase/maltase/lactase from the small intestine converting disaccharides to monosaccharides (glucose/fructose/galactose)

lipid digestion

[digestion] when chyme is present, the duodenum secretes cck (cholecystokinin) hormone into the blood, which stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile and promotes satiety; bile made in the liver emulsifies fat in the small intestine but isn't an enzyme; lipase is an enzyme made in the pancreas that hydrolyzes lipids (also in the small intestine)

chewing

mechanical digestion of mouth

receptive relaxation

reflex-mediated relaxation of smooth muscle coordinated by swallowing center of brain stem

amylase

Enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches

protease

enzyme that digests protein

trypsin

an enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine

lipase

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

seminiferous tubule of testis

interstitial cells of leydig of testis

sperm cells of testis

pseudostratified columnar epithelium of epididymis

stereocilia of epididymis

sperm mass cells of epididymis

Graafian (vesicular) follicle of ovary

antrum of graafian follicle of ovary

blue

corona radiata

C

zone pellucida

E