Musculoskeletal System Overview and Common Injuries

Flashcards covering the anatomy of bones, muscles, and fascia, as well as clinical details regarding ankle sprains, ACL injuries, and SLAP lesions.

Functions of the Musculoskeletal System

Provides support and structure, movement, protection, mineral storage, and blood cell production.

Cortical Bone

The dense and compact portion of the bone.

Trabecular Bone

The spongy and porous portion of the bone.

Periosteum

The outer membrane of the bone.

Bone Marrow

Substance found within the marrow cavity of bone.

Ligaments

Connective tissues that connect bone to bone and provide stability.

Tendons

Connective tissues that connect muscle to bone and help with movement.

Sprain

An injury involving a ligament.

Strain

An injury involving a muscle or tendon.

Fascia

A contractile and innervated framework considered by some to be a system or organ; it plays a role in proprioception, nociception, and interoception.

ATF (Anterior Talofibular Ligament)

The most common ligament injured in ankle sprains, typically resulting from inversion and plantar-flexion mechanisms.

Observation

Regarded as the gold standard for the evaluation of ankle injuries due to limited studies on the sensitivity or specificity of special tests.

ACL Injuries

Injuries to the knee joint, of which $70\%$ are non-contact; they result from a complete subluxation of the tibia from the femur.

SLAP (Superior Labral Anterior-Posterior)

An injury to the origin of the long head of the biceps tendon, typically extending from the $10$ to $2$ position on the glenoid rim clock face.

Grade 1 Sprain

A mild injury with no significant structural injury to the ligament.

Grade 3 Sprain

A severe injury involving a complete rupture of the ligamentous structure.

Neuromuscular Training

A prevention strategy that can reduce the risk of ACL tears by $50\%$ to $70\%$, especially relevant for females who are $2$ to $8\times$ more likely to sustain an ACL tear.

Interoception

A function of fascia innervations that can cause distortion of one’s perception of wellness when affected.