GEN CHEM EXAM 5

what is a transition metal complex?

A transition metal complex is formed between a metal ion and a ligand

What is a coordination compound?

A coordination compound is a transition metal complex plus any counter ions (with an opposite charge to the complex ion) — these ensure that the compound is neutral

Which configurations are inherently stable?

ones in which all orbitals are filled or in which degenerate orbitals are half-filled

When transition metals form ions, they lose electrons from the _____ orbital before the _____ orbital.

s, d

Monodentate ligands:

ligands that bind to the metal atom via one electron pair

Bidentate ligands:

can simultaneously bind to the metal atom via electron pairs on two different atoms.

Polydentate ligands:

can bind via multiple lone pair

Coordination Number

number of ligands bonded to the metal ion

Different complexes can have the same coordination numbers (number of ligands bonded to central metal atom) but may contain….

mono, bi, or polydentate ligands

when naming coordination compounds, a metal that forms part of the anion (comes second) has what at the end?

-ate

When writing out coordination compound formulas from the name, list the neutral compounds in alphabetical order-_______

by chemical symbol

Diamagnetic:

all paired electrons, total spin of 0

Paramagnetic:

has unpaired electrons

In the presence of ligands, the d-orbitals are NOT_____

degenerate but split into two sets

the energy gap between the e and t orbital sets is known as_____

the crystal field splitting energy

If the plotting between the e and T orbitals is large for a transition metal complex, it is referred to as _______

a strong-field complex

If the splitting between the e and t orbitals is small for a transition metal complex, it is referred to_______

as a week-field complex.

the higher the charge on the metal ion, the larger the____

value of the crystal field splitting energyt

The higher the charge on the metal ion, the more ____ electrons pull, which result sin more repulsion.

tightly

Transition metal complexes are colored because they can absorb electromagnetic radiation in the visible region, resulting in the promotion of an electron from the _____ to the _____ orbitals.

t2g to eg

The wavelength of light absorbed by a transition metal complex depends on the size of the _________

crystal field splitting energy

Diamagnetism:

atom/molecule is repelled by a magnetic field because it has NO unpaired electrons

Paramagnetism:

atom/molecule is attracted to a magnetic field because it HAS unpaired electrons

3dz orbital goes up in energy because it is directly on a negative point charge and this is a highly UNSTABLE situation

Hydrocarbons only contain ______

hydrogen and carbon

Carbon makes ____ bonds

4

Alkanes:

only single bonds between C atoms

Alkenes:

one or more double bonds between C atoms

Alkynes:

one or more triple bonds between C atoms

Aromatics:

contain a benzene ring

What are the steps for naming hydrocarbons?

1. identify the longest chain, the base functional group, and whether it is an alkane, alkene, or a alkyne

2. Name branches as alkyl groups

3. number the chain from the end closest to a branch

4. locate branches on the chain, but list alphabetically in name

5. count branches, if more than one of the same group present then use di, tri tetra

1 carbon in parent chain:

meth-

2 carbons in parent chain

eth-

3 carbons in parent chain

prop-

4 carbons in parent chain:

but-

5 carbons in parent chain

pent-

6 carbons in parent chain

hex-

–CH3

methyl-

–CH2CH3

ethyl

-CH2CH2CH3

propyl

-CH2CH2CH2CH3

butyl

Suffix indicates the ____

max number of bonds between carbons

Alkane Suffix:

-ane

Alkene suffix:

-ene

Alkyne suffix:

-yne