Plant Anatomy and Tissue Types: Roots, Leaves, and Cells

Which organ belongs to the root system? A) Stem B) Flower C) Leaf D) Root

Root

Which of the following is considered a reproductive organ? A) Stem B) Root C) Flower D) Cortex

Flower

Plant cells maintain rigidity primarily because of: A) Lignin degradation B) Turgor pressure against cell walls C) Thick secondary walls only D) Chloroplast expansion

Turgor pressure against cell walls

Plant cells are glued together mainly by: A) Cellulose B) Lignin C) Pectin D) Suberin

Pectin

Plant tissues are derived from specialized groups of cells called: A) Sclereids B) Meristems C) Trichomes D) Fibers

Meristems

Which tissue system includes mesophyll and pith? A) Dermal tissue system B) Vascular tissue system C) Ground tissue system D) Epidermal system

Ground tissue system

Xylem and phloem are components of the: A) Ground tissue system B) Dermal tissue system C) Vascular tissue system D) Periderm

Vascular tissue system

Epidermis and periderm are part of the: A) Vascular tissue system B) Ground tissue system C) Dermal tissue system D) Mesophyll system

Dermal tissue system

Simple tissues are composed primarily of: A) Multiple tissue systems B) A single cell type C) Dead cells only D) Conducting cells only

A single cell type

Which of the following is NOT a simple tissue? A) Parenchyma B) Collenchyma C) Sclerenchyma D) Phloem

Phloem

Which simple tissue is capable of photosynthesis, storage, and secretion? A) Collenchyma B) Sclerenchyma C) Parenchyma D) Periderm

Parenchyma

Parenchyma cells are generally characterized by: A) Thick lignified walls and death at maturity B) Thin primary cell walls C) Complete absence of vacuoles D) Waxy suberin layers

Thin primary cell walls

Mature parenchyma cells are unique because they can: A) Conduct water B) Become dead at maturity C) Be reprogrammed into other cell types D) Produce suberin

Be reprogrammed into other cell types

Which process specifically involves parenchyma cell reprogramming? A) Pollination B) Tissue culture C) Seed dispersal D) Germination

Tissue culture

Cortex and pith are examples of: A) Sclerenchyma tissues B) Epidermal tissues C) Parenchyma tissues D) Vascular tissues

Parenchyma tissues

Palisade mesophyll primarily functions in: A) Structural support B) Water transport C) Photosynthesis D) Seed protection

Photosynthesis

Spongy mesophyll primarily serves a: A) Mechanical role only B) Regulatory role C) Reproductive role D) Conductive role

Regulatory role

Collenchyma cells are: A) Dead at maturity B) Thin-walled and fragile C) Alive at maturity D) Specialized conducting cells

Alive at maturity

The cell walls of collenchyma are mainly composed of alternating layers of: A) Lignin and suberin B) Cellulose and pectin C) Cutin and lignin D) Pectin and suberin

Cellulose and pectin

Collenchyma cell walls usually thicken at the: A) Center B) Ends C) Corners D) Surface only

Corners

Collenchyma tissue primarily supports: A) Mature woody trunks B) Young stems and leaves C) Seeds during dormancy D) Root caps only

Young stems and leaves

Sclerenchyma cells are characterized by: A) Thin primary walls B) Living cytoplasm at maturity C) Thick lignified secondary walls D) High chloroplast density

Thick lignified secondary walls

Sclerenchyma cells are generally: A) Alive at maturity B) Dead at maturity C) Totipotent D) Photosynthetic

Dead at maturity

Which sclerenchyma cell type is long and narrow with tapered ends? A) Sclereid B) Vessel element C) Fiber D) Companion cell

Fiber

Sclereids may form: A) Root hairs only B) Seed coats or small clusters C) Stomata D) Endosperm

Seed coats or small clusters

Which cells in the vascular system conduct water? A) Companion cells B) Sieve-tube members C) Vessel elements and tracheids D) Guard cells

Vessel elements and tracheids

Sieve-tube members primarily conduct: A) Water B) Minerals C) Food D) Oxygen

Food

Companion cells are considered specialized: A) Collenchyma cells B) Parenchyma cells C) Sclerenchyma cells D) Epidermal cells

Parenchyma cells

Fibers in the vascular system primarily provide: A) Photosynthesis B) Structural support C) Gas exchange D) Seed dispersal

Structural support

Epidermis is usually composed of: A) Several layers of lignified cells B) A single layer of outer cells C) Only dead cells D) Vascular bundles

A single layer of outer cells

Succulent plants may possess up to how many epidermal layers? A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 10

6

The epidermis is covered in: A) Lignin B) Suberin C) Cutin D) Pectin

Cutin

Epidermal cells generally lack: A) Cell walls B) Vacuoles C) Chloroplasts D) Cytoplasm

Chloroplasts

Guard cells are considered: A) Dead support cells B) Specialized epidermal cells C) Conducting cells D) Meristematic cells

Specialized epidermal cells

Trichomes in roots form: A) Guard cells B) Fibers C) Root hairs D) Sclereids

Root hairs

In leaves and stems, trichomes can form: A) Conducting vessels B) Protective structures C) Embryonic tissues D) Periderm

Protective structures

Periderm replaces the: A) Xylem B) Cortex C) Epidermis D) Phloem

Epidermis

Periderm forms mainly in: A) Young leaves B) Seeds C) Older stems and roots D) Flowers

Older stems and roots

Cork cells are also called: A) Phelloderm B) Phellem C) Phellogen D) Tracheids

Phellem

The waxy substance embedded in cork cell walls is: A) Pectin B) Cellulose C) Cutin D) Suberin

Suberin