Social Science Year 9: Rediscovering Society

Flashcards covering vocabulary and core concepts from the Year 9 Social Science curriculum 'Rediscovering Society', including social organization, culture, history of Fiji, mapping, and environmental studies.

Society

Refers to people in a community/town/country and their interactions with each other.

Traditional Society

Societies that are normally smaller in size where people are related, sharing common values and similar lifestyles, and changes take place at a slower rate.

Modern Society

A larger society with a more diverse population that experiences rapid and uneven cultural changes, typically found in urban and industrial areas.

Hunting and Gathering Society

A society where people survive by gathering edible wild plants, hunting wild animals, and collecting seafood, often living a nomadic lifestyle in groups of less than 50.

Pastoral Society

Settled communities that began about 10,000 years ago where people learned to breed and raise animals and cultivate wild plants.

Horticultural Society

A society based on subsistence cultivation where wild plants are grown using primitive hoes and techniques such as slash and burn or shifting cultivation.

Agricultural Society

A society that emerged about 7,000 years ago using wooden or metal ploughs pulled by domesticated animals to cultivate larger plots of land.

Industrial Society

A society characterized by the mass production of goods in factories, increased energy consumption, and the growth of overcrowded cities.

Postindustrial Society

Also called information societies, these advanced industrial societies are characterized by computers, robotics, and a shift toward atomic or nuclear power.

Social Structure

A setup within a society where leadership roles and authority are established so that everyone has a part to play in the running and welfare of the community.

Ascribed Status

A social status that is passed down through generations through inheritance, such as being a chief in traditional i-Taukei society.

Achieved Status

A social status gained by what an individual achieves through hard work, education, and skills, such as becoming a doctor or manager.

Caste System

The strict division of Indian society into various social groups according to birth and occupation, such as Brahmins at the top and Shudras at the bottom.

i-Taukei Hierarchy

A social system where one's place is determined by family and social rank, including roles like Turaga (chief), Bati (warrior), and Bete (priest).

Primary Group

An informal group, such as family or friends, where members have personal knowledge of each other and interactions occur in informal ways.

Secondary Group

A formal group governed by written rules and regulations, such as co-operatives, clubs, and political parties.

Needs

Things essential for survival, including food, clothing, water, and shelter, as well as emotional needs like being loved and feeling safe.

Wants

Things that make life more enjoyable but are not necessary for survival, such as radios or electronic games.

Culture

The entire way of life of a society, consisting of everything that people produce, do, and share, which changes over time.

Material Culture

Includes all physical objects and artifacts produced by a society, such as clothing, schools, and totems.

Non-material Culture

Includes abstract human creations such as language, beliefs, rules, customs, myths, and skills.

Values

Abstract, general ideas about what is good, right, and desirable, often derived from religion, family, and society.

Social Norms

Shared rules and guidelines that prescribe behaviors appropriate in a given situation to ensure social life proceeds smoothly.

Virtues

Inner qualities such as integrity, honesty, and reliability that help individuals work toward becoming a better person.

Generation Gap

The difference in values, opinions, and attitudes between the younger generation and the older generation.

Mean Goals

Habits or qualities a person adopts to become better, such as honesty, responsibility, and patience.

End Goals

Ultimate life objectives set by an individual, such as traveling overseas or obtaining a university degree.

Universal Culture

A pattern or trait common to all human cultures worldwide, such as language, marriage rituals, and etiquette.

Multiculturalism

Occurs in societies where people of various ethnic backgrounds live together, integrate, and share values and ideas.

Acculturation

The process of borrowing parts of another culture while maintaining the basic elements of one's own culture.

Ethnocentrism

Believing that one's own ethnic group or culture is superior and is the center of everything.

Globalisation

The increasing interdependence of the global society or the integration of the world's culture and economy.

Social Control

Measures taken to control the behavior of people in a community so that law and order are maintained.

Rights

Privileges given to individuals by the state, heredity, or custom, which are often accompanied by responsibilities.

Social Deviance

Unacceptable behavior that differs from the acceptable standards and patterns of behavior in a society, such as delinquency or truancy.

Bulubulu

The traditional i-Taukei way of resolving conflicts through a verbal apology and the presentation of yaqona and other food items.

Panchayat

A traditional Indian method of resolving conflict where a group of five elderly people is chosen to settle disputes in rural societies.

Arbitration

A modern method of settling disputes where parties are brought before an arbitrator, especially in conflicts between employers and employees.

Great Fiji Rush

The increase in demand for cotton and land in Fiji during the 1860s after cotton prices boomed.

Mataqali

The family unit and social organization in early Fijian society, which was a landowning group headed by a Turaga (chief).

Yavusa

A clan formed by several mataqali who are linked to a common ancestor.

Vanua

A small alliance formed by several yavusa joining together.

Matanitu

A large political group or kingdom formed by the alliance of several vanua.

Cession

The formal act of giving up rights, property, or territory, such as Fiji being ceded to Great Britain in 1874.

Map

A physical representation of an area of the earth showing features such as topography, land use, and location.

Atlas

A collection of maps bound in a book, often including additional illustrations and statistical tables.

Representative Fraction

A map scale expressed as a fraction, such as $\frac{1}{100,000}$, where the numerator represents map distance and the denominator ground distance.

Bearing

A compass direction given in degrees, calculated by measuring the angle from North in a clockwise direction.

Contour Line

An imaginary line joining all places on a map that are the same height above or below sea level.

Vertical Interval

The difference in height between successive contour lines on a map.

National Heritage

The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a society inherited from past generations and maintained for the future.