Progress Test 7

In some words, the type of stress that is weaker than the primary stress but stronger than that of the first syllable of 'around' is …___…

SECONDARY STRESS

Syllables consist of a centre which has …___… to airflow and which sounds comparatively loud.

LITTLE OR NO OBSTRUCTION

When a feature …___… one phoneme from another, it is a distinctive feature.

DISTINGUISHES

When the syllable begins with one consonant, any consonant phoneme can be that initial consonant except …/___/…

/ŋ/

There is a possibility of up to …___… at the end of a word.

FOUR CONSONANTS

What we might call a …___… would be a single vowel in isolation.

MINIMAL SYLLABLE

A …___… sound is a sound pronounced without the vibration of the vocal cords.

VOICELESS

A …____… stop is one that is not followed by a puff of air.

UNASPIRATED

When we produce voiced sounds, the vocal cords …____…

VIBRATE

The …____… of a sound refers to how loud or soft it is.

LOUDNESS

The …____… of a sound refers to how high or low it is.

PITCH

The …____… of a sound is what makes it sound different from other sounds of the same loudness and pitch.

QUALITY

The …____… of a sound refers to how long it lasts.

LENGTH

…____… is the process by which one sound becomes more like a neighboring sound.

ASSIMILATION

…____… is the omission of sounds in connected speech.

ELISION

What is the phonetic transcription of "cinema"?

ˈsɪnəmə

What is the phonetic transcription of "determine"?

dɪˈtɜːmɪn

What is the phonetic transcription of "entertain"?

ˌentəˈteɪn

What is the phonetic transcription of "arrived"?

əˈraɪvd

What is the phonetic transcription of "follows"?

ˈfɒləʊz

What is the phonetic transcription of "desert" (n)?

ˈdezət

What is the phonetic transcription of "dessert"?

dɪˈzɜːt

What is the phonetic transcription of "larynx"?

ˈlærɪŋks

What is the phonetic transcription of "quantity"?

ˈkwɒntəti

What is the phonetic transcription of "advantages"?

ədˈvaːntɪdʒɪz

What are the strong and weak forms of "the"?

Strong: ðiː | Weak: ðə — ði

What are the strong and weak forms of "as"?

Strong: æz | Weak: əz

What are the strong and weak forms of "can"?

Strong: kæn | Weak: kən

What are the strong and weak forms of "could"?

Strong: kʊd | Weak: kəd

What are the strong and weak forms of "shall"?

Strong: ʃæl | Weak: ʃəl

What are the strong and weak forms of "for"?

Strong: fɔː | Weak: fə — fər

What are the strong and weak forms of "them"?

Strong: ðem | Weak: ðəm

What are the strong and weak forms of "your"?

Strong: jɔː | Weak: jə — jər

What are the strong and weak forms of "am"?

Strong: æm | Weak: əm

What are the strong and weak forms of "to"?

Strong: tuː | Weak: tə

What are the functions of stress?

Proper use of stress ensures that words are understood correctly and do not sound foreign. It differentiates word classes (e.g., noun 'present' vs. verb pre'sent) and can change the implied meaning of an entire sentence depending on which word is emphasized.

For what parts of speech are there weak forms?

Function words, which include articles, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions, and helping verbs.

Under what cases is the strong form used?

At the end of a sentence. When a weak-form word is being contrasted with another word. When a weak-form word is stressed for emphasis. When a weak-form word is "cited" or "quoted".