population policies and women

popualtion policies manipulate what three things

migration, children per family, access to contraceptives

pronatalist vs antinatalist

pronatalist: we want more kids

antinatlist: we want less kids

pronatalist policy incentives (7)

cash transfers, improved access to maternal healthcare, paternal leave, restricted access to reproductive healthcare, tax rebates, maternal leave, subsidized childcare

replacement fertility rate number and defintiion

2.1; number of children that must be born to replace mom and dad in population

effetcive vs ineffective pronalist example

effective: Poland provided cash benefits that supports new and growing families

non effective: Hungary offered loans to families expanding beyond their 2nd child

antinatalist policies are common in what stage countries

2 and 3

anti-natalist policies prevent what from facinge xcessive strain

food, healthcare, infastructure

china’s one child policy

began to combat famine conditions but eventually changed social norms to where families now prefer one male child

effect of one child policy

smaller working population that has to support large elderly population

migration policies affect what 2 things

density and structure of population

migration policies balance what two things

need for economic infusion (labor and consumer activity) and political/cultural priorities that migrants could bring and diffuse

(yr) (country and country) used a system if points assigned for merit to priotize the influx of immigrants who has workforce skills that would promote econ gorwth

2011; Canada and australia

canada and Australia focused in what three requirements

language ability, education attainment, strong work background

explain EU, Japan, and South Korea approach to migration policies

EU: promote migration between members for labor

japan and south korea: strict citizenship requirements that require strong family ties to the region —> inverted population pyramids

in (yr) what happened to child marriages in india

in 2000 they halved

how does CBR reveal women’s roles

high CBR: women have children younger —> little social value on education and work

low CBR: women have children older —> more social value on education and work

what do TFR’s reveal about women

high TFR: little access to contraceptives and reproductive health

low TFR: below replacement fertility rate = stage 4 or 5; greater access to family planning tools and fewer children

child mortatily rate is between what brithdays

1-5

maternal mortality rate

number of deaths due to pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births

women in stage 4/5

1) work outside of home

2) fewer children/smaller families

3) education

4) larger access to contraceptives and reproductive health

5) have kids and marry later

6) dad and mom share childrearing duties

7) low CMR, IMR, and MMR

8) run for office, vote

9) women migration

why is MMR in the US high

regional and racial inequalities

in the US what state had the lowest MMR

lousiana

what race in the US had high MMR

black

since 2024, women have comprised % of international migrant laborers

48%

government prioties are largely influenced by what age group

againg populations

govenrments deploy what programs for aging

pensions, medical funds, disability initatives

aging popualtion age requirement

65 and older

aging population is projected to double by (yr) according to

2050; world economic forum

3 countries trying to increase children numbers and how they’re doing it

china: extended maternal leave

Korea: pronatalist policies

Japan: expansion of funding for child service