Gases and Atmospheric Chemistry - Unit 5 Chemistry

Solids

hold its shape and volume does not flow, particles are packed closely together, strongest intermolecular force motion is strictly vibrational this is what makes them hard to the touch

Liquid

takes on containers shape, volume does not change unless taken away or added flows easily, particles have a medium level force of motion.posses viberational rotational and translation motion

Gas

Takes up volume + shape of container highly compressible (can fit into anything) flows easily, particles are the least organized and the weakest force of attraction basically zero, posses high translational rotational and viberational motion only.

KMT - Kinetic Molecular theory

Particles are always moving in any state

Three types of motions that particles move in

Translational - when an entity moves in a straight path eg liquds and gases

Rotational - spinning of an entity present in gas and liquids very limited in solids

Vibrational motion - back and forth movement of entities present in gases and liquids

Temperature

is a direct measure of the avg kinetic energy if two substance have the same temp their particles are identical avg kinetic energy no matter the mass

What occurs to particles when the temp is low

particles posses lower kinetic energy which means the particles move slower

What is an ideal gas

a hypothetical and theoretical gas that obeys all empirical gas laws perfectly under all conditions and temp

5 characteristic of an ideal gas

• Ideal gas particles are completely unreactive with one another.

• Ideal gas particles exhibit perfectly elastic collisions—meaning they bounce off one another and container walls with zero net loss of kinetic energy.

• Ideal gas particles move randomly in straight-line paths until a collision occurs.

• Ideal gas particles do not liquefy or solidify, even at absolute zero or under extreme pressure.

• Ideal gas particles are considered dimensionless points that possess zero personal volume (the volume of the gas is entirely the empty space of the container).

• There are absolutely no attractive or repulsive forces between gas particles.

Atmospheric pressure

the force per unit exerted by air on all objects (the weight of air)

1 atm =

101.325 kpa

Can a celsius temp be used in a gas question + what to use

No only Kelvins (k)

Boyles law

pressure goes up volume goes down temp gas remain the same

Charles law

temp volume both go up while pressure and gas remain the same

Gay lussac law

temp pressure both increase volume and gas r constant

Combined gas laws

all gas laws have combined

Absolute zero

a theoretical idea where 0 k or -273.15C would be the ideal temp where all translational kinetic energy would stop and the volume of the gas would go down to 0L

Dalton law

The total pressure of a mixture of non-reacting gases is equal to the sum of the individual pressures that each gas would exert if it were alone in the container.