AP Human Geography Chapter 11 textbook vocab

Air Pollution

Concentration of trace substances,such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitgrogen oxides,hydrocarbons,and solid particulates,at a greater level than occurs in average air.

biomass fuel

Fuel derived from wood,plant material,or animal waste.

Break of bulk point

A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another.

bulk-gaining industry

An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume then the inputs.

Bulk-reducing industry

An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume then the inputs.

cottage industry

manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories,most common prior to the industrial revolution.

Demand

The quantity of something that people wish to consume and are able to buy.

Fordist production

A form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly

Fossil fuel

An energy source formed from the residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago

Just-in-time delivery

Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.

labor intensive industry

An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.

maquiladora

A factory built by a U.S. company in mexico near the U.S. border,to take advantage of the much lower labor costs in Mexico.

New international division of labor

transfer of some types of jobs,especially those requiring low-paid,less skilled workers from more developed to less developed countries.

Nonrenewable energy

A source of energy that has a finite supply capable of being exhausted.

outsourcing

A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

pollution

Concentration of waste added to air,water,or land at a greater level than occurs in average air, water,or land.

post-fordist production

Adoption by companies of flexible work rules,such as allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks.

potential reserve

The amount of a resource in deposits not yet identified but thought to exist.

proven reserve

the amount of a resource remaining in discovered deposits.

remanufacturing

The rebuilding of a product to specifications to the original manufactured product using a combination of reused,repaired,and new parts.

renewable energy

A source of energy that has a theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by people.

right to work law

A U.S. law that prevents a union and a company from negotiating a contract that require workers to join the union as a condition of employment

site factors

Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside a plant,such as land,labor,and capital

situation factors

Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory

supply

the quantity of something that producers have available for sale

vertical integration

An approach typical of traditional mass production in which a company controls all phases of a highly complex production process.