Spinal - exam 1

Functions of spine

protect, passage, support, developmental origin, shape/position, movement, horizontal orientation

Somite to give rise to vertebral column

sclerotome

what gives rise to the somites

paraxial mesoderm

perichordal disc

in the location of adult IVD

intra sclerotomal fissure

between sclerotomites of perichordal blastema

primary centers

3 (before birth)

location of primary centers

vertebral body (centrum) and vertebral arch (neural arch)

secondary centers

5 centers (between orthopedic and late puberty)

locations of secondary centers

epiphyseal plate region, tip of transverse process, tip of spinous process

name for primary curvature

kypothtic/posterior

sections for primary curvature

thoracic and sacroccygeal

name for secondary curvature

lordotic/anterior

sections for secondary curvature

cervical and lumbar

Why in the cervical and lumbar regions is the anterior height greater than the posterior?

Intervertebral disc

Why in the kyphotic thoracic is the posterior height more than the anterior?

Vertebral bodies

Lateral curvatures

In thoracic and lumbar regions

what are deviations from in the lateral curvature

asymmetrical muscle use/tone

describe the thoracic or sacrococcygeal curvature

primary, posterior curve

describe the cervical or lumbar curvature

secondary. anterior curve

IVD function

attachment. shape spine, powerful ligament, forms anterior border of vertebral canal and anterior border of IVF, shock absorber

IVD composition

Proteoglycan gel and collagen fibers

Purpose of nucleus pulposus

Pushed VB away from one another

Intevertebral foramina is formed by:

Inferior vertebral notch of VB above and superior notch notch of VB below

Superior epiphyseal rim

anterior body

Vertebral foramen

opening in vertebral notch

Lamina

thin, flat bone, vulnerable

What gives rise to the sclerotomes?

paraxial mesoderm

Segmental Artery

branch of aorta

Spinal Branch Artery

off of segmental artery, runs to provide nutrients

Medullary (feeder) artery

Branches of spinal branch artery, Anterior + posterior

Posterior Spinal Arteries

Branch of medullary (feeder) artery, 2 of them, with trauma can still have a blood supply

Anterior spinal artery

Branch of medullary (feeder) artery, 1 of them, trauma = no blood supply

Radicular Artery

Branch of medullary (feeder) artery

Internal vertebral venous plexus

surrounds entire spinal cord, within epidural space

Anterior and posterior spinal veins

drain the blood into the internal vertebral venous plexus

Basivertebral venous foramina

branch of venous plexus

Forms anterior boundary of spinal cord

PLL

Function of PLL

prevents hyperflexion, posterior spinal disc herniation

Forms posterior boundary of spinal cord

Ligamentum flavum

Function of ligamentum flavum

Preserve upright posture, prevents hyperflexion. straightens spinal cord after flexion

Filum terminale

extension of pia mater, anchors cord to sacrum & coccyx - prevents vertical movement

Denticulate ligaments

extension of pia mater, anchors cord laterally to dura mater - prevents side movements