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63 Terms
Amoxicillin
- Complete full course of therapy.
- For the suspension, shake well and store in the refrigerator. Note short expiration after reconstitution.
- Can take with food if causes upset stomach.
- Avoid mixing suspension with food or beverages and use with measuring device that comes with prescription. - - Symptoms should improve within 2-3 days; if they worsen, seek follow-up with healthcare practitioner.
- May decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives; encourage patients to use backup contraceptive method (e.g., condom)
Amoxicillin/Clavulanate
- Complete full course of therapy.
- Take dose with food to ensure proper absorption.
- For the suspension, shake well and store in the refrigerator. Note short expiration after reconstitution of 10 days.
- Avoid mixing suspension with food or beverages.
- Symptoms should improve within 2-3 days; if they worsen seek follow-up with health-care practitioner.
- May decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives; encourage patients to use backup contraceptive method (e.g., condom)
Azithromycin
- Complete full course of therapy.
- Take tablets with or without food, although some patients report increased tolerability when given with food.
- Avoid mixing suspension with food or beverages, but food can be taken afterward.
- Symptoms should improve within 2-3 days; if they worsen, seek follow-up with health-care practitioner.
Cefdinir
- Complete full course of therapy.
- For the suspension, shake well and can be stored at room temperature. Note 10-day expiration after reconstitution.
- Avoid mixing suspension with food or beverages, but food can be taken afterward.
- Symptoms should improve within 2-3 days; if they worsen, seek follow-up with HCP.
- Separate administration of antacids, iron, and vitamins by 2 h.
Cephalexin
- Seek medical attention if rash develops.
- Complete full course of therapy.
- For the suspension, shake well and store in the refrigerator. Note short expiration after reconstitution.
- Avoid mixing suspension with food or beverages, but food can be taken afterward.
- Symptoms should improve within 2-3 days; if they worsen, seek follow-up with health-care practitioner.
Ciprofloxacin
- Seek medical attention if decreased urination, yellowing of eyes, blistering skin rash or extreme fatigue, unusual bruising or bleeding, shortness of breath or chest pain, tendon pain, muscle weakness, a “pins and needles” tingling or pricking sensation, numbness in the arms or legs, confusion or hallucination.
- Take with or without food, but not with milk or other dairy products.
- Take at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after antacids, sucralfate, or mineral supplements and multivitamins with calcium, iron, or zinc.
- If using the suspension, shake well before use; suspension may be stored at room temperature.
Clindamycin
- Complete full course of therapy.
- Symptoms should improve within 2-3 days; if they worsen, seek follow-up with HCP.
- Take with full glass of water.
- Remain upright for 30 min after dose to minimize risk of GI ulceration.
Doxycycline
- May take with food that does not contain calcium.
- Complete full course of therapy.
- Symptoms should improve within 2-3 days.
- May cause photosensitivity; discontinue at first sign of skin erythema.
- Wear sunscreen and avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet light.
- Administer with 240 mL of water.
Levofloxacin
- Seek medical attention if decreased urination, yellowing eyes, blistering skin rash or extreme fatigue, unusual bruising or bleeding, shortness of breath or chest pain, tendon pain, muscle weakness, a “pins and needles” tingling or pricking sensation, numbness in the arms or legs, confusion or hallucinations.
- Take with or without food, but not with milk, yogurt, or other dairy products or calcium-fortified products (some juices and breads).
- If using antacids, sucralfate, or mineral supplement and multivitamins with calcium, iron, or zinc, take at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these medicines.
Nitrofurantoin
- May make urine brown; this is not harmful and is breakdown product of the drug.
- Complete full course of therapy.
- For the suspension, shake well and store at room temperature, use within 30 days.
- Avoid mixing suspension with food or beverage, but food can be taken afterward.
- Symptoms should improve within 2-3 days; if they worsen, seek follow-up care.
Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim
- Complete full course of therapy.
- For the suspension, shake well and store at room temperature and protect from light.
- Symptoms should improve within 2-3 days; if they worsen, seek follow-up with health-care practitioner.
- May cause photosensitivity; use sunscreen.
- Maintain adequate hydration during therapy to prevent kidney complications.
- Seek medical attention for severe diarrhea, dark urine, yellowing of skin or eye, unusual bruising or bleeding, blistering skin rash, or shortness of breath.
Acyclovir
- Complete full course of therapy.
- Ensure adequate hydration.
- For HSV, initiate treatment as soon as possible at first sign of lesion (treatment most effective if initiated within 24 h of lesion onset).
- VZV, treatment should begin within 24 h of appearance of rash.
- Symptoms should improve within 2-3 d; if they worsen, seek follow up with HCP.
- If using prophylaxis for suppression of infection, this medication should reduce the number of breakouts.
- Maintain adequate hydration during therapy.
Fluconazole
- Many medications, including OTC medications, interact with it.
- Do not take many new medications without consulting your doctor or pharmacist.
- If taking a weekly dose, take on same day and time each week.
Ketoconazole
- Apply thin layer to affected area of skin.
- Skin should be intact.
- Do not get it in your eyes, nose, mouth, or vagina.
- Do not wash the areas where you applied this medicine for at least 3 h after application.
- Cosmetics (makeup or sunscreens) may be put on the affected areas 20 min after application.
- Topical products are alcohol based and flammable immediately after application.
Metronidazole
- Avoid alcohol while taking this medicine and 3 d after, may cause severe disulfiram-like reaction.
- Complete full course of therapy.
- Symptoms should improve within 2-3 d; if they worsen follow-up with HCP.
- May be administered with food to minimize stomach upset.
Mupirocin
- Instruct patients on proper application technique.
- Avoid drug exposure to open wounds, burns, or eyes.
Oseltamivir Phosphate
- Complete full course of therapy.
- Symptoms should improve within 2-3 d; if they worsen, seek care.
- Suspension is available in a 6 mg/mL concentration and is packaged with oral syringe calibrated in milliliters up to a total of 10 mL.
- Instructions to the patient should be provided based on these units of measure (ie, mL).
- When providing suspension for children <1 y of age, use a lower volume (ie, <10 mL) oral syringe to ensure accurate dosing.
- If suspension is unavailable, open capsules and compound a 6 mg/mL suspension.
- Take with food to minimize GI irritation.
- Take missed dose as soon as possible, if next dose is within 2 h, skip missed dose.
Valacyclovir
- Seek medical attention if: Decreased urination, Unusual bruising or bleeding, Blistering skin rash, or Shortness of breath
- Symptoms should improve within 2-3 d; if they worsen, seek follow-up with HCP
- If using prophylaxis, this medication should reduce the number of breakouts.
- Maintain adequate hydration during therapy to prevent renal complications.
Amlodipine
- Instruct patient to report signs/symptoms of hypotension of exacerbation of angina with initial dosing and dose changes.
- Avoid alcohol while taking drug.
- Report signs/symptoms of peripheral edema, fatigue, hypotension, or hepatic dysfunction.
- This medicine may cause dizziness.
- Avoid activities that could be dangerous if dizziness occurs at initiation of therapy.
- Dizziness may be worse if too much water is lost from the body due to excessive sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting.
Amiodarone Hydrochloride
- Use sunscreen; avoid tanning beds and prolonged sun exposure.
- Report signs/symptoms of cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary toxicity, or liver toxicity.
- Multiple drug interactions so inform providers about all medications you are taking.
- Take consistently with regard to meals but avoid taking with grapefruit or grapefruit juice.
- Patient medication guide must be dispensed with this medication.
Apixaban
- Seek medical attention if any unexpected bleeding or trouble breathing.
- Take with or without food.
- Do not stop taking without talking with your HCP; stopping early may increase the risk of stroke, especially in patients with atrial fibrillation.
- Should be interrumpted 24-48 h prior to dental and surgical procedures and re-started after hemostatis. •
- Avoid OTC NSAIDs and high-dose aspirin; they increase the risk of bleeding.
Atenolol
- Take on an empty stomach.
- Avoid abrupt discontinuation; exacerbations of angina may occur.
- Report signs/symptoms of bradycardia, hypotension, heart failure, or exacerbation of angina with initial dosing and dose changes.
- May cause dizziness or drowsiness.
- Diabetic patients to carefully follow blood sugar levels as ß-blockers may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia.
- Drug may cause sexual side effects, fatigue, and depression.
Benazepril Hydrochloride
- Avoid pregnancy.
- Seek medical attention immediately if you experience any facial swelling.
- Most common adverse effect is dry cough.
- Use potassium supplements or salt substitutes only under medical supervision.
- May cause dizziness that may worsen if dehydrated.
- Take at the same time daily.
Carvedilol
- Take with food or milk.
- Report signs/symptoms of heart failure, bradyarrhythmias, bronchospasm, hypotension, syncope, or exacerbation of angina with initial dosing and dosing changes.
- Avoid abrupt discontinuation, may cause rebound HTN. - Avoid driving, using machinery, or doing anything else that could be dangerous if not alert.
- Diabetic patients should carefully follow blood sugar levels as beta-blockers may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Chlorthalidone
- Take in the morning with food.
- Instruct patient to report signs/symptoms of dyspnea, hypotension, gout, or heart failure.
- Avoid alcohol (may cause hypotension) and NSAIDs (may decrease eIectiveness).
- This medicine may cause dizziness or blurred vision.
- Avoid driving, using machinery, or doing anything else that could be dangerous if not alert.
Clonidine
- Avoid alcohol, CNS depressants.
- Use caution with driving and other tasks requiring alertness.
- May cause nausea, vomiting, insomnia, constipation, fatigue, or dry mouth.
- Swallow extended-release tablet whole.
- Apply patch to hairless area of intact skin on upper outer arm or chest; rotate patch location.
- If patch loosens during the 7-d wearing, secure adhesive cover.
- Report signs/symptoms of hypotension, exacerbation of angina peripheral edema, fatigue, hypotension, or hepatic dysfunction with initial dosing and doses changes.
- Avoid abrupt discontinuation to avoid rebound HTN.
Clopidogrel Bisulfate
- Report signs/symptoms of bleeding, especially if used concomitantly with anticoagulant therapy.
- Do not stop therapy abruptly without first talking with prescriber to minimize the risk of re-thrombosis, particularly after stent placement.
Diltiazem Hydrochloride
- Report symptomatic hypotension, bradyarrhythmia, peripheral edema, or syncope.
- This drug is available in multiple brand names with varying properties by brand.
- Instruct patient to follow administration instructions specific to the prescribed brand with regards to meals and timing.
- Do not drink alcohol while taking this drug
- Some products may be opened and sprinkled on a spoonful of applesauce (applesauce should not be hot, and should be swallowed without chewing, followed by a glass of water).
- Administer at same time of day, either morning or evening.
Enalapril Maleate
- Use potassium supplements or salt substitutes only under medical supervision.
- Report signs/symptoms of angioedema.
- May cause dizziness that may worsen if dehydrated.
- Use caution rising from sitting or lying position, especially when initiating treatment.
Ezetimibe
- Take with or without food and may be taken at the same time as a concurrent statin.
- In patients receiving a bile acid sequestrant concurrently, should be taken at least 2 h before or 4 h after the bile acid sequestrant is taken.
Fenofibrate
- Fenoglide tablets and Lipofen R capsules should be given with food; others can be taken without food.
- Take 1 h before or 4-6 h after a bile acid binding resin.
- Products are not interchangeable.
- Do not use if you have severe kidney disease or liver disease.
Furosemide
- Avoid alcohol and NSAIDs.
- Increased risk of sun-sensitivity; use sunscreen and avoid tanning.
- Avoid activities requiring coordination until drug effects are realized, as drug may cause dizziness, vertigo, or blurred vision.
- Report signs/symptoms of hypertension, decreased urine output, or ototoxicity; severe skin reactions.
- Eat high-potassium foods, as directed by health-care professional
Guanfacine
- Avoid alcohol, CNS depressants.
- Caution with driving and other tasks requiring alertness.
- Swallow extended-release tablet whole, may be taken with or without food.
- Report signs/symptoms of hypotension, exacerbation of angina peripheral edema, fatigue, hypotension, or hepatic dysfunction with initial dosing and dose changes.
- Avoid abrupt discontinuation to avoid rebound HTN.
Hydralazine Hydrochloride
- Patient should not drink alcohol while taking drug.
- Advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug as this may cause rebound HTN.
- This medicine may cause dizziness.
- Patient should report chest pain, palpitations, signs/symptoms of tachyarrhythmia, hypotension, agranulocytosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or hepatotoxicity.
Hydrochlorothiazide
- May be taken with or without food.
- Take early in the day to avoid nocturia, even if taken more than once/d (eg, bid administration at 8 AM and 2 PM).
- May cause dizziness.
- Report signs/symptoms of hypotension.
- Eat high-potassium foods during therapy.
- Avoid alcohol and using NSAIDs.
Hydrochlorothiazide/Lisinopril OR
Hydrochlorothiazide/ Losartan Potassium
- May be taken with or without food.
- Take early in the day to avoid nocturia, even if taken more than once/d (eg, bid administration at 8 AM and 2 PM).
- May cause dizziness.
- Report signs/symptoms of hypotension.
- Eat high-potassium foods during therapy.
- Avoid alcohol and using NSAIDs.
Hydrochlorothiazide; Triamterene
- May cause dizziness.
- Rise slowly from a sitting or lying position to avoid dizziness.
- Avoid foods that are high in potassium, potassium supplements, or potassium-containing salt substitutes.
- Avoid alcohol and NSAIDs.
- May cause photosensitivity; use sunscreen.
- Use with caution in patients with sulfonamide allergy.
Irbesartan
- Seek medical attention if angioedema (swelling of the face, eyes, lips, tongue, or throat), excessive fluid loss (vomiting, diarrhea, or excessive perspiration), hyperkalemia (confusion, body weakness, uneven heartbeat, or numbness/tingling in hands or feet), reduction in urination, jaundice, or skin rash occurs.
- Avoid pregnancy.
- Avoid abrupt discontinuation.
- Use potassium supplements or salt substitutes only under medical supervision.
- This medicine may cause dizziness.
- Avoid alcohol or driving.
Isosorbide Mononitrate
- Take medicine on an empty stomach with at least half a glass of water.
- Swallow the extended-release tablet whole.
- Do not break, crush, or chew it.
- This medicine can cause headaches, which is a sign that the medicine is working. Acetaminophen may be used to relieve the headache.
- Contact HCP if headache is severe. This medicine can cause dizziness. Avoid driving, using machines, or doing anything else that could be dangerous if not alert.
- Stand up slowly if this medicine causes light-headedness from orthostatic hypotension. Do not stop using this medicine suddenly without consulting HCP .
- The dose may need to be slowly decreased before stopping it completely.
- Avoid concomitant use of PDEIs as this may increase risk of severe hypotension.
- Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this drug. Scored tablets may be split. Doses of immediate release formulation should be taken at least 7 h apart.
Atorvastatin
- Avoid excessive alcohol, grapefruit, and grapefruit juice (>1 L/d) consumption while taking drug.
- Does not take the place of lifestyle changes (diet, exercise) to lower cholesterol levels.
- Notify HCP if unexplained muscle tenderness or weakness occurs
Labetalol
- Report signs/symptoms of hypotension with initial dosing and dose changes.
- Avoid alcohol while taking drug.
-May cause dizziness.
- Instruct patient to rise slowly from a sitting/supine position, as may cause orthostatic hypotension.
- Report signs/symptoms of bronchospasm, slow HR, hepatotoxicity, or syncope.
- Advise diabetic patients to carefully follow blood sugar levels as beta-blockers may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia.
- Advise patients against sudden discontinuation of drug as this may cause rebound HTN.
Lisinopril
- Avoid pregnancy.
- Use potassium supplements or salt substitutes only under medical supervision.
- May cause dizziness that may worsen if dehydrated.
Losartan Potassium
- Avoid pregnancy.
- Avoid sudden discontinuation; rebound HTN can occur.
- Use supplements or salt substitutes only under medical supervision.
- May cause dizziness that may worsen if dehydrated.
- Seek medical attention if angioedema, excessive fluid loss, hyperkalemia, reduction in urination, or jaundice occurs.
Lovastatin
- Immediate-release tablets should be taken with the evening meal.
- Extended-release tablets should be taken at bedtime.
- Swallow extended-release tablets whole; do not chew, crush, or cut.
- Avoid alcohol, grapefruit, and grapefruit juice. Report signs/symptoms of rhabdomyolysis, jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes), or renal failure.
-There are multiple significant drug-drug interactions with .
- Consult a health-care professional prior to starting any new prescription or OTC medications. does not take the place of lifestyle changes (diet, exercise) to lower cholesterol levels.
Verapamil Hydrochloride
- Do not crush or chew extended-release products.
- Contents of extended-release capsules may be sprinkled on food and swallowed without chewing, followed by water.
- Report symptomatic hypotension, bradyarrhythmia, peripheral edema, or syncope.
- Avoid sudden discontinuation of drug, as this may precipitate hypertensive rebound/crisis.
- Rise slowly from a sitting or lying position to avoid dizziness. o Avoid alcohol and grapefruit juice. o Calcium channel blockers are not drugs of first choice for hypertension, but may be used in combination with other agents in patients with inadequate blood pressure response. Module 12 Drugs 1. Amiodarone
Metoprolol
- Take on an empty stomach and avoid alcohol.
- Avoid abrupt discontinuation, exacerbations of angina may occur.
- Instruct patients to report signs/symptoms of hypotension, heart failure, or exacerbation of angina with initial dosing and dose changes.
- Advise diabetic patients to carefully follow blood sugar levels as beta-blockers may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Nebivolol Hydrochloride
- Report signs/symptoms of hypotension, worsening heart failure, or bronchospastic disease.
- Diabetic patients should carefully monitor blood sugar levels as beta-blockers may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia.
- Do not discontinue drug abruptly, as this may cause rebound angina or, in some cases, AMI.
Nifedipine
- Take Adalat CC on an empty stomach.
- Report signs/symptoms of hypotension, exacerbation of angina, peripheral edema, fatigue, or hypotension.
- Avoid sudden discontinuation of drug as this may cause rebound HTN.
- May cause dizziness; avoid driving or using hazardous machinery until effects are known.
- Avoid grapefruit juice.
- May see tablet or shell of dosage form in stool.
Nitroglycerin
- Take medicine on an empty stomach with at least half a glass of water.
- Swallow the extended-release tablet whole.
- Do not break, crush, or chew it.
- This medicine can cause headaches, which is a sign that the medicine is working. Acetaminophen may be used to relieve the headache.
- Contact HCP if headache is severe. This medicine can cause dizziness. Avoid driving, using machines, or doing anything else that could be dangerous if not alert.
- Stand up slowly if this medicine causes light-headedness from orthostatic hypotension. Do not stop using this medicine suddenly without consulting HCP .
- The dose may need to be slowly decreased before stopping it completely.
- Avoid concomitant use of PDEIs as this may increase risk of severe hypotension.
- Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this drug. Scored tablets may be split. Doses of immediate release formulation should be taken at least 7 h apart.
Olmesartan
- Avoid pregnancy.
- Use potassium supplements or salt substitutes only under medical supervision.
- May cause dizziness that may worsen if dehydrated.
- Seek care if angioedema, excessive fluid loss, hyperkalemia, reduction in urination, or jaundice occurs. - May cause orthostatic hypotension.
Potassium Chloride
- Take with food.
- Take the powder, granule, or oral liquid only after mixing in 4 oz of water or juice.
- Crush or break only specifically designed extended-release formulation.
- Capsules may be opened, sprinkled on apple sauce, and ingested immediately.
- Completely dissolve effervescent tablets in liquid and sip slowly over a 5-10 min period.
Pravastatin Sodium
- Take in the evening.
- Avoid concurrent heavy alcohol use.
-Does not take the place of diet and exercise to lower cholesterol levels
Prazosin
- Drowsiness and dizziness are more likely to occur after the first dose, or during hot weather or exercise.
- These effects can decrease once your body adjusts to this medication.
- Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs mental alertness until you know how this medication affects you.
- Do not stand or sit up quickly, especially if you are an older patient. This reduces the risk of dizzy or fainting spells.
- Alcohol can make you more drowsy and dizzy. Avoid alcoholic drinks.
- Your mouth may get dry. Chewing sugarless gum or sucking hard candy, and drinking plenty of water may help.
Propranolol Hydrochloride
- Take immediate-release tablets on an empty stomach; ER can be taken with or without food but administer consistently with respect to food.
- Avoid alcohol.
- Avoid abrupt discontinuation; exacerbations of angina may occur.
- Report signs/symptoms of hypotension, CHF , or exacerbation of angina with initial dosing and dose changes.
- This medicine may cause dizziness.
- Diabetic patients should carefully follow blood glucose as beta-blockers may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Ramipril
- Avoid pregnancy.
- Use potassium supplements or salt substitutes only under medical supervision.
- May cause dizziness that may worsen if dehydrated.
Rivaroxaban
- Educate patient on signs and symptoms of bleeding and interactions with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications, including OTC medications.
- Warn of risks of epidural (spinal) anesthesia while taking
- Doses ≥15 mg should be taken with food. If taking for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, take with evening meal.
Rosuvastatin
-Do not drink alcohol.
- Does not take the place of diet and exercise to lower cholesterol levels.
Simvastatin
- Avoid excessive alcohol. There are multiple significant drug-drug interactions with simvastatin.
- Consult a HCP prior to starting any new medications, including OTC and herbal drugs. Simvastatin does not take the place of lifestyle changes (diet, exercise) to lower cholesterol levels.
Spironolactone
- May cause dizziness.
- Rise slowly from a sitting or lying position to avoid dizziness. o
- Avoid foods that are high in potassium, potassium supplements, or potassium-containing salt substitutes.
- Avoid alcohol and NSAIDs.
- May cause photosensitivity; use sunscreen.
- Use with caution in patients with sulfonamide allergy.
Valsartan
- Do not discontinue abruptly.
- Use potassium supplements or salt substitutes only under medical supervision.
- This medicine may cause dizziness.
- Avoid driving, using machinery, or doing anything else that could be dangerous if not alert.
- Recommend avoiding alcohol and NSAIDs while taking this drug.
Valsartan/Sacubitril
- Do not discontinue abruptly.
- Use potassium supplements or salt substitutes only under medical supervision.
- This medicine may cause dizziness.
- Avoid driving, using machinery, or doing anything else that could be dangerous if not alert.
- Avoid NSAIDs while taking this drug.
Warfarin
- Report signs/symptoms of hemorrhage, skin and tissue necrosis. Avoid situations/activities in which cuts, bruising, or injury is likely to occur.
- Many significant drug-drug interactions; consult health-care professional prior to new prescription or OTC use.
- Avoid alcohol, cranberry products, and drastic changes in vitamin K consumption from diet (cruciferous vegetables).
Sildenafil
Take 30 min-4 h prior to anticipated sexual activity, but do not take more frequently than once q24h.