Wildlife Sector Exploration

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards based on the Werkveldverkenning Wildlife lecture notes, covering conservation, zoo management, and animal welfare.

Wildlife

In situ

Conservation efforts that take place within the natural habitat of a species.

Ex situ

Conservation efforts that take place outside the natural habitat, such as breeding programs in zoos.

Extensive breeds

Breeds like Blonde d’Aquitaine, Scottish Highland cattle, Galloway, and Dexter that are used in nature management and can exhibit wild behaviors posing risks to humans.

White tiger

An animal with a rare recessive genetic mutation that often faces health problems due to inbreeding, leading EAZA to discuss stopping its breeding.

3 P's

The three factors of Pleasure, Profit, and Pest used to evaluate the bio-ethics of human interaction with wildlife.

Umbrella species (Paraplusoorten)

Symbolic species used to attract attention and provide protection for a habitat, effectively acting as an "umbrella" for other species in the same area.

Curator

The individual in a zoo organization who determines the composition of the animal collection and manages the planning.

Wish list

A list maintained by zoos specifying the desired species they want to add to their collection.

Surplus

An excess or oversupply of animals within a specific zoo population.

ZIMS

Software used for global collection management, containing lists like "Species Wanted" and "Animals Available."

EEP (EAZA Ex situ Programme)

A program aimed at maintaining healthy captive populations and genetic diversity for approximately $500$ species.

TAG (Taxon Advisory Group)

Groups categorized into $42$ taxons that manage breeding strategies, animal transfers, nutrition, housing, and veterinary medicine.

Ecodisplay

A modern zoo enclosure style that replaces traditional cages with designs mimicking the animal's natural habitat.

Arabian oryx

A species that represents a successful conservation story through reintroduction into the wild.

Giant panda

Referred to as a "plastic panda" due to its high level of dependency on human intervention for survival.

Rescue centers & sanctuaries

Facilities designed to care for animals that can no longer be released back into the wild.

5 freedoms

The basic needs provided to animals in captivity that are otherwise naturally present in the wild, which become the responsibility of the human caretaker.

Enrichment

Methods used to improve the physical and psychological well-being of animals in captivity.

Urban wildlife

Wildlife that adapts to human environments, such as foxes, seagulls, and the blackbird ($\text{merel}$).

CHANS (Coupled Human and Natural Systems)

A framework where humans are viewed as an integral part of the ecosystem, influenced by factors like urbanization and climate change.

Mixed exhibits

Zoo enclosures where different species are housed together to maximize space and enrichment.

Stereotypical behavior

Abnormal, repetitive behaviors such as pacing seen in polar bears, often resulting from stress or inadequate environments.

Target training

A hands-off medical training method used to reduce stress and ensure safety during veterinary procedures.

Immobilization

The process of restricting animal movement for medical or scientific reasons, using tools like a crush or a tranquilizer pijl (darting).