Pathology of Breast, Gastrointestinal, and Reproductive Systems

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering benign and malignant neoplasms of the breast, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, liver, and female reproductive system based on lecture notes.

Fibroadenoma

A benign breast neoplasm occurring before $30$ years old characterized as a solitary, freely moveable mass with circumscribed borders and equal distribution of stroma and epithelium.

Phyllodes Tumor

A cellular lesion containing leaf-like surfaces where stromal cells outgrow epithelial cells; these can be benign or malignant and grow to $10-15\,cm$ in diameter.

Inflammatory Carcinoma

A breast condition presenting with a swollen erythematous breast and PeaulD Orange appearance, caused by obstructed dermal lymphatic spaces.

Fibroma (Oral)

A fibrous proliferative lesion found on the buccal mucosa along the bite line, caused by chewing trauma, appearing as smooth, pink, exophytic nodules with a diameter of $0.5-2\,cm$.

Pyogenic Granuloma

An erythematous hemorrhagic exophytic mass arising from the gingivial mucosa, common in children, young adults, and pregnant women (Pregnancy Tumon).

Leukoplakia

A smooth or irregular white plaque with well-defined borders commonly located on the buccal mucosa or tongue, characterized histologically by dysplasia.

Erythroplakia

A red, velvety lesion often caused by tobacco use and most commonly located on the floor of the mouth, soft palate, or lateral tongue.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma

The second most common oral cancer, appearing as ulcerated protruding masses with indurated (hardened) borders, often found on the ventral tongue.

Barrett esophagus

A condition in the esophagus microscopically identified by the presence of Goblet cells.

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia

Hyperplastic hepatocellular nodules that develop in a noncirrhotic liver, appearing as well-circumscribed red-blue soft nodules.

Linitis Plastica

A condition where the gastric wall is markedly thickened and rugal folds are partially lost.

Familial Adenomatous Polypis (FAP)

A benign lesion described as a pedunculated proliferation.

Hamartoma

A benign lesion found in the lung.

Adenomyosis

The presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium.

Endometriosis

The presence of endometrial glands and inflammatory stroma outside the myometrium.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

A condition where the tube and ovary are totally obstructed by a haemorrhagic inflammatory mass.

Serous Cystadenoma

A benign ovarian tumor characterized by smooth-surfaced cysts filled with clear fluid.

Endometriomas

Ovarian cysts containing degenerated blood often associated with blood clotting.

Lichen Simplex Chronicus

A disease of the Valva involving epithelial thickening, hyperkeratosis, and leukocytic infiltration.

Lichen Sclerosis

A condition featuring marked thinning of the epidermis, fibrosis of the superficial dermis, and chronic inflammatory cells.

Condyloma Acuminatum

An HBV associated lesion featuring acanthosis with branching papillomatosis and Koilocytes (perinuclear clear halos with nuclear atypia).

Extramammary Paget Disease

A condition of the Valva showing large tumor cells with pale-pink cytoplasm infiltrating the epidermis, which clinically mimics dermatitis.

Sarcoma Botryoides

A malignant mesenchymal tumor of the Valva composed of small round or spindle rhabdomyoblasts with cross-striations.

Adenosis

A non-proliferative breast change characterized by a single epithelial layer.