Global Studies Spring Exam

Minoans

Early Greek people lived on the Island of Crete

Hoplites

Heavily armed foot soldiers

Phalanx

Greek military formation where soldiers march shoulder to shoulder for protection

Socrates

Philosopher that believed that students would best learn from question and answer format

Plato

Student of Socrates who believed that we know what’s “real” by having a higher power tell us

Aristotle

Student of Plato. Only way to learn is through experience.

Democracy

The people vote for things in the government

Ostracism

Banishing someone from a community

Epicureanism

Says a person should do what makes them happy, that is what motivates you

Stoicism

Says a person should take life as it comes to you, not getting too excited

What was the geography of Greece

Mountains & Seacoast

Where did Ionian Greeks move during Greece’s Dark Age?

Across the Aegean Sea

Where did Dorian Greeks move during Greece’s Dark Age?

To the area of Sparta

Where did Greeks move during Greece’s Dark Age?

Around the area of Athens

Who was Alexander the Great?

Son of Phillip II. Leader of Macedonia.

Polis

Greek for a city, town, village, and surrounding area

Acropolis

Fortified area on a hilltop in a Greek-State

Agora

Open market where Greeks conducted business

Athenian life

Democracy, rich go to school while poor work

Spartan life

Oligarchy, focus on military & power/survival

What is meant by something being Hellenistic?

Describing as “Greek like”

What did Homer do that influenced Greece?

Wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey and gave Greece history

Who was Achilles?

Greek hero in the Iliad who fought in the Trojan war

Why is the development of Athenian Democracy important to us today?

Heavily influenced our government today since it was shaped/founded on it.

Republic

Government where the leader isn’t a monarch & certain citizens get the right to vote

Hannibal

Led elephants through Alps to attack Rome

Caesar

Military leader who became the first dictator of Rome

Patricians

Wealthy land owners who could be elected to government positions

Plebians

Less wealthy land owners, craftspeople, merchants, & small farmers

Consuls

Two government leaders in Rome who head the military

Praetors

Government officials who are in charge of the civil law

Constantine

The first Christian Roman emperor

Triumvirate

Three leaders who have equal power

Why was Rome a great capitol location wise?

Epicenter of everything. Great surroundings/terrain. Had to go through Rome to trade. Good defense.

Pax Romana

A period of peace and prosperity that lasted almost a century.

Magna Carta

Mutual rights & obligations between lords and vassals

Ordeal

Determines innocence

Vassal

Warriors who pledged an oath to their leader

Knight

Horsemen that rode and threw spears

Wergild

“Money for a man”

Who were the Vikings?

Norsemen that built long, narrow ships and went in search of anything

Feudalism

People look to local aristocrats or nobles to protect them

Code of Chivalry (What)

Ideal of civilized behavior.

Code of Chivalry (Code)

Defend church and defenseless, treat captives like honored guests; fight for glory, not material rewards

Carruca

A large & heavy wheeled plow normally pulled by a team of animals

Inquistition

THe court created by the Catholic CHurch to find and try heretics

Vernacular

Writing and reading in the same language that you speak

Black Death

A mass disease/plague in Europe that killed 1/3 of the population

What are guilds?

Work associations

How are guilds set up?

Regulate how things were built & how many people could do the job

WHat was taught in European Universities in the Middle Ages?

Medicine, Law, and Theology

A peasants life was mostly filled with what type of work?

Farming

Who was Joan of Arc and what did she do?

Brought the Hundred Years War to a decisive turning point by inspiring the French with her faith

Describe the life of a common city dweller in the Middle Ages

Crowded, smelly, and dirty

What were some new military strategies and weapons used during the Hundred Years War?

Long bow and Cannon

Leonardo da VInci

Italian painter, inventor, and sculptor. Made Mona Lisa

Niccolo Machiavelli

Made “The Prince”

Martin Luther

Got kicked out of Roman Catholic church. Wrote 49 essays.

Michelangelo

italian sculptor, painter, and architect. Made Sistine Chapel

Secular

Worldly views

Indulgences

Release from all or part of punishment for sin

Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?

Center of trade. Increasing wealth. Secular views.

The Renaissance was the rebirth of ideas from ancient civilizations?

Greece & Rome

How was art in the Renaissance different from before?

More realistic

What were the steps that led to the protestant reformation?

Luther branching off from Catholic Church

What is, was, and were the affects of Johannes Gutenberg’s creation.

Printing press. Revolutionized education. Made books cheaper. Spread religion.

Henry the VIII was responsible for creating what and why did he do it?

Church of England. Pope refused to declare his marriage annul.

Conquistador

Spanish conquerors of the Americas

Colony

Settlement in a territory linked to a parent country by trade

Mercantilism

Prosperity of a nation based on how much gold and silver they have

Plantations

Large farms that grow only one crop

Triangular trade

Trading of raw materials, goods, and slaves between Europe, Africa, and the Americas

Middle passage

Three month journey from Africa to the AMericas. Slaves transported to work at plantations.

What is meant by having a balance of trade?

Difference in value between what a nation imports and what it exports over time

What effects did the slave trade have on the continent of Africa?

Coastal empires grew. “Brain drain”. Depopulation.

Who controlled the spice trade in the Southeast Asian islands

Dutch

Who was the conquistador who overthrew the Aztec Empire?

Cortez

Who conquered the Inca?

Pizarro

How did most Africans become slaves?

As prisoners of war

What was done by the line of demarcation?

Split the world east and west in the Atlantic Ocean between Portugal and Spain

What country jumped out to an early lead in naval exploration and how did they do it?

Portugal. Prince Henry the Navigator.

What happened to the native populations of the places European explorers traveled to?

Turned into slaves or died from foreign diseases.

Armada

Fleet of warships

Militant

Combative

Inflation

Rising prices

Witchcraft

Magic

Czar

Russian form of Caesar

Absolutism

System of government in which a ruler holds total power

John Locke

Believed people had natural rights and could live with limited government involvement.

Peter the Great

Czar who wanted to westernize Russia

William Shakespeare

Writer of plays enjoyed by all groups

Elizabeth Tudor

Leader who defeated Spanish Armada and brought England to be a world power

Thomas Hobbes

Believed society needs a strong ruler to survive

Puritans

Group in England who was against the Church of England

Louis XIV

Maintained complete authority as monarch by distracting the nobles and royal princes with court life to keep them out of politics

Why was the Palace at Versailles built?

Keep enemies happy and distracted

Renaissance art compared to Mannerism and Baroque

Realistic

Mannerism art compared to Renaissance and Baroque

Reflection of dark times

Baroque art compared to Mannerism and Renaissance

Revival of Renaissance, reflects search for power

What is meant by the divine right of kings?

Kings receive their power from God