Anatomy Upper Limb TBL

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Last updated 7:46 PM on 4/12/26
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90 Terms

1
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Where is the biceps brachii located in the upper limb?

Occupies the anterior, superficial aspect of the upper arm and becomes the bicipital tendon distally.

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Where is pronator teres located?

Located in the anterior forearm; it is the most proximal and anterior of the flexor muscles arising from the medial epicondyle.

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Where is pronator quadratus located?

Located in the distal forearm bridging the radius and ulna.

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What is the EI tendon?

An extensor tendon in the posterior forearm associated with extension of the index finger.

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What is the bicipital tendon and where does it go?

The distal tendon of the biceps that passes toward the radial tuberosity.

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Where is FCR and its tendon located?

FCR is an anterior forearm flexor; its tendon runs toward the wrist and attaches to carpals/metacarpals.

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What is the transverse carpal ligament?

A ligament that bridges the carpal bones to form the carpal tunnel.

8
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What is the EDM tendon?

An extensor tendon that extends the little finger located in the posterior forearm/wrist.

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Where is the triceps located?

Occupies the posterior aspect of the upper arm with tendons inserting on the olecranon.

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Where is the supinator located?

Wraps around the proximal radius in the proximal forearm.

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What is the ED tendon?

An extensor tendon that extends the digits and runs in the posterior forearm.

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What is the thenar eminence?

A group of muscles forming the lateral bulge of the palm at the base of the thumb.

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Where is brachioradialis located?

Located on the lateral side of the forearm arising from the supracondylar ridge.

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What are the FDS tendons?

Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel to the fingers.

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What is the ECU tendon?

An extensor tendon on the ulnar side of the wrist in the posterior forearm.

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What is the hypothenar eminence?

A group of muscles forming the medial bulge of the palm at the base of the little finger.

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Where is brachialis located?

Located deep to the biceps in the anterior arm.

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What are the FDP tendons?

Flexor digitorum profundus tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel to the distal phalanges.

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What is the APL tendon?

A tendon in the first extensor compartment that abducts the thumb.

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What is adductor pollicis?

A deep muscle in the hand that attaches to the first metacarpal and adducts the thumb.

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Where is ECRL and its tendon located?

Located on the lateral forearm; its tendon extends the wrist and runs in the posterior compartment.

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What is the FPL tendon?

Flexor pollicis longus tendon that passes through the carpal tunnel to the thumb.

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What is the EPB tendon?

A tendon in the first dorsal compartment that extends the thumb.

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What is the 1st dorsal interosseous?

A muscle located between the first and second metacarpals on the dorsal hand.

25
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Where is ECRB and its tendon located?

Located in the posterior forearm arising from the lateral epicondyle; its tendon extends the wrist.

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Where is the anconeus located?

A small muscle on the posterolateral elbow attached to the ulna.

27
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What is the EPL tendon?

A tendon that extends the thumb and runs in the third extensor compartment.

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What are the interosseous muscles?

Muscles located between the metacarpals that assist with finger movement.

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What is the trochlea?

A medial distal humerus structure that articulates with the ulna.

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What is the olecranon fossa?

A depression on the posterior distal humerus that accommodates the olecranon.

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What is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A joint between the radius and ulna allowing rotational movement.

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What is the radial neck?

The narrowed region just distal to the radial head.

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What is the capitellum?

A lateral distal humerus structure that articulates with the radial head.

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What is the coronoid process?

An anterior projection of the ulna that fits into the trochlea.

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What is the trochlear fossa?

A depression associated with articulation at the distal humerus and ulna.

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What are the carpal bones?

Eight small bones of the wrist including scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

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What are the medial and lateral epicondyles?

Bony prominences on the distal humerus serving as muscle attachment sites.

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What is the ulnar tuberosity?

A roughened area on the ulna where brachialis inserts.

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What is the hook of the hamate?

A projection on the hamate bone that serves as an attachment for the transverse carpal ligament.

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What is the ulna?

The medial forearm bone.

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What is the radius?

The lateral forearm bone.

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What are the metacarpals?

Bones of the hand between the carpals and phalanges.

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What is the olecranon?

The proximal posterior projection of the ulna forming the elbow.

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What is the radial head?

The proximal end of the radius that articulates with the capitellum.

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What is the radial tuberosity?

A projection on the radius where the biceps tendon attaches.

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What are the phalanges?

Bones of the fingers.

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Where is the brachial artery located?

Runs in the anterior arm with the median nerve.

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Where is the ulnar artery located?

Runs along the medial forearm deep to flexor muscles.

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Where is the ulnar nerve located?

Runs along the medial side of the arm and forearm and passes near the medial epicondyle.

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Where is the radial artery located?

Runs along the lateral forearm near the wrist and is palpable lateral to FCR.

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Where is the median nerve located?

Runs in the anterior forearm and passes through the carpal tunnel.

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Where is the radial nerve located?

Runs along the posterior arm and forearm associated with extensor compartments

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Where is the deltoid located and what lies deep to it on imaging?
The most lateral superficial shoulder muscle extending along the clavicle and scapular spine; deep to it are the scapula, rotator cuff muscles, and the long head of the biceps tendon.
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What is the position and key relationship of pectoralis major?
A superficial muscle covering the anterior thoracic wall; the cephalic vein passes between it and the deltoid.
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Where is pectoralis minor located and what does it attach to?
Lies deep to pectoralis major and attaches to the coracoid process.
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What are the key relationships of coracobrachialis?
Originates from the coracoid process; lies medial and slightly deep to the biceps in the proximal arm.
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Where is the long head of the biceps seen on imaging?
Its tendon runs within the bicipital groove of the humerus deep to the deltoid.
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What is the relationship of the short head of the biceps?
Originates from the coracoid process and lies anterior and medial to the long head.
59
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Where is supraspinatus located relative to the scapular spine?
Dorsal to the scapula and superior to the scapular spine.
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Where is infraspinatus located?
Dorsal to the scapula and inferior to the scapular spine.
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What is the position of teres minor?
Dorsal and inferior to the infraspinatus.
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What makes subscapularis unique among rotator cuff muscles?
It is the only rotator cuff muscle located on the ventral (anterior) surface of the scapula.
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Where does the long head of triceps attach?
Attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle at the lateral axillary border of the scapula.
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Where do the lateral and medial heads of triceps attach?
Both attach to the shaft of the humerus; medial head lies deep to the others.
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Where is brachialis located?
Lies deep to the biceps and occupies the distal half of the anterior upper arm.
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Where is brachioradialis located and what does it attach to?
Arises from the lateral supracondylar ridge and lies lateral in the distal arm/forearm.
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Where is ECRL located?
Attaches to the lateral supracondylar ridge alongside brachioradialis.
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Where is ECRB located?
Arises from the lateral epicondyle and lies just medial to ECRL.
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How is the scapula oriented on imaging?
Lies on the dorsal rib cage in an oblique plane with the glenoid facing anterolaterally.
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What is the orientation and function of the glenoid?
Faces anterolaterally and articulates with the humeral head.
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What is the humeral head?
The proximal rounded portion of the humerus that articulates with the glenoid.
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What structure runs through the bicipital groove?
The tendon of the long head of the biceps.
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Where is the greater tubercle located?
On the lateral proximal humerus; attachment for rotator cuff muscles.
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Where is the lesser tubercle located?
On the anterior proximal humerus; attachment for subscapularis.
75
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What is the surgical neck of the humerus?
A narrowing distal to the tubercles and a common fracture site.
76
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What attaches to the coracoid process?
Pectoralis minor, short head of biceps, and coracobrachialis.
77
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What is the acromion?
A superior projection of the scapula forming the top of the shoulder and part of the AC joint.
78
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What is the function of the scapular spine?
Divides supraspinatus (above) and infraspinatus (below).
79
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What is the clavicle’s role?
Connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton and forms the AC joint with the acromion.
80
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What is the course of the cephalic vein?
Runs between deltoid and pectoralis major, then lateral to the biceps.
81
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Where is the basilic vein located?
Runs along the medial distal upper arm in superficial fascia.
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Where is the brachial artery located?
Travels medially with the median nerve in the arm.
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What is the course of the median nerve in the arm?
Travels with the brachial artery medial to the biceps and brachialis.
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Where is the radial nerve located?
Runs along the radial (spiral) groove of the posterior humerus with the profunda brachii artery.
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What is the course of the profunda brachii artery?
Travels with the radial nerve along the posterior humerus.
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Where is the posterior circumflex humeral artery found?
Passes through the quadrangular space with the axillary nerve.
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What structures make up the main anterior arm neurovascular bundle?
Brachial artery and median nerve running medial to biceps and brachialis.
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What is the Grashey view and why is it used?
A 30–40° oblique shoulder radiograph used to evaluate the glenohumeral joint space without overlap.
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Why are CT/MRI images aligned with the scapular plane?
Because the scapula lies obliquely along the rib cage, not purely in the coronal plane.
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How do structures appear on T2 MRI?
Fluid = bright, muscle = dark gray, cortical bone = black, flowing blood = dark