Catabolism of Fats and Ketogenesis

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the catabolism of fats and the production and implications of ketone bodies.

What is ketogenesis?

The process of forming ketone bodies in the liver during excess production of acetyl CoA from beta-oxidation of fatty acids.

Under what conditions does ketogenesis occur?

Ketogenesis occurs during prolonged fasting, starvation, and low carbohydrate dieting.

What are the types of ketone bodies produced in the liver?

The ketone bodies produced are acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone.

What is the significance of ketone bodies during starvation?

Ketone bodies serve as an efficient energy source for the brain and help spare glucose utilization.

What condition is characterized by a high concentration of ketone bodies in the blood?

Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by excessive ketone bodies in the blood, often exceeding 7 mmol/L.

How does the body adapt to prolonged starvation?

The body shifts to increased fatty acid oxidation and ketone body production to spare muscle protein for gluconeogenesis.

What happens when ketone body production is dysregulated?

Dysregulated ketone body production can lead to metabolic acidosis, known as diabetic ketoacidosis.

What is the role of ketone bodies in neonates?

Neonates have a high rate of ketogenesis and utilize ketone bodies as a major fuel source, especially from maternal milk.

What are the potential side effects of a low-carbohydrate diet?

Potential side effects include bad breath, tiredness, weakness, dizziness, constipation, nutritional deficiencies, and increased risk of kidney stones.

What is the main diagnostic method for detecting ketone body production in dieters?

The presence of ketone bodies in urine, known as ketonuria, is used to confirm active fat metabolism during low-carb dieting.