maori exam 1

Āronga

Maori world view: all living things, land, sea, env are connected to one another

includes wairua & tinana (spiritual & physical), utu (balance, recirprocity), te wa (time), matauranga maori (knowledge), and whakapapa

Te Kore

the void, time of potential

Io

supreme god (autua)

Te Po

the night

Rangi & Papa

earth mother and sky father

Te do Marama

the light, human beings created by Atua

war of the gods

• seperation of Rangi & Papa allowed light & knowledge into the world but this was a violation of mana & tapu, seen as the first sin

• caused conflict between their children

• brought about the first anger, dispute, conflict, utu, and created social hierarchy

Rongo

peace, cultivated foods, kumara

Tane

forest, knowledge

Tangaroa

ocean

Tu

war, mankind

Haumia

wild foods

Tawhiri

winds

early european theory

• pacific islanders settled pasifika but the isolation made them degenerate into savages

• 1st wave of settlement involved dark skinned and unintelligent peoples settling entire pacific

• 2nd wave included fair skinned, aristocratic, more intelligent people settling and conquering the pacific and pre maori people escaped to Chattam Islands

• provided justification for europeans to conquer maori land

orthodox theory

• 5-7000 years ago: southeast asians migrated to melanesia/micronesia

• 3500 years ago lapita culture developed, settled further out into polynesia, cultures developing from lapita to polynesia

• 500BC-1000AD people began to migrate throughout polynesia

• 1300AD polynesians began to settle in aoteroa

• 1325AD no evidence of further arrivals

tikanga

• 1st law of aoteroa

• doing the right thing, what & why is right, set of principles and beliefs associated with practices and procedures

• includes rituals like powhiri, hui, and funerals

tapu

sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart

noa

without restriction, common

mana

prestige, authority, control, power

can be inherited, earned, and lost

steps in powhiri

1. karanga: welcome call, lifting tapu performed by kuia (elder female)

   1. females who bring life, call to life to welcome visitors

2. whaikorero: speeches

   1. order governed by kawa:

   2. paeke: speakers in concession then returned to house

   3. tautuutu

   4. men, warriors

3. waiata tautoko: song to lift tapu

4. koha: gift/offering

5. hariru: pressing of noses, comnig together, breath of life from Tane’s creation

6. kai: food

Tangihanga steps