painters

Who was El Greco?

Doménico Theotocópuli, a 16th-century Spanish painter known for religious themes, elongated figures, distortion, and dramatic light/color

What are the main characteristics of El Greco's style?

Elongated figures, pale faces, nervous hands, green/black colors, distortion, religious themes

Which king supported El Greco?

Felipe II

What is "El entierro del Conde de Orgáz" about?

Saints Esteban and Agustín bury the Count while heaven and earth are shown together

Important details in "El entierro del Conde de Orgáz"

Angel represents the soul, includes El Greco and Felipe II, contrasts sadness and ecstasy

Why was "El espolio" controversial?

Christ's robe was too vivid and it included 16th-century soldiers

What is significant about "Vista de Toledo"?

One of the few pure landscapes of the era; captures Toledo's spirit rather than realism

What might the stormy sky in "Vista de Toledo" symbolize?

The threatening atmosphere of the Inquisition

Who was Velázquez?

A 17th-century Spanish court painter known for realism, light, and aerial perspective

What are the main characteristics of Velázquez's style?

Realism, dark tones, atmospheric depth, light creating reality, little movement

Which king employed Velázquez?

Felipe IV

What is aerial perspective?

A technique using atmosphere and light to create depth

What is "Las Meninas" about?

A palace workshop scene centered on Infanta Margarita Teresa with attendants, dwarfs, and Velázquez himself

Important details in "Las Meninas"

King and Queen reflected in mirror, doorway adds depth, viewer feels like an invisible observer

Who was Juan de Pareja?

Velázquez's assistant and the subject of one of his most famous portraits

Why is "Retrato de Juan de Pareja" important?

It shows compassion and realism and became one of the most expensive paintings ever sold

Who was Goya?

An 18th-19th century Spanish painter whose art evolved from joyful scenes to dark, emotional protest works

What major event changed Goya's life?

He became completely deaf in 1792

Who were Goya's three artistic masters?

Velázquez, Rembrandt, and Nature

What are the four stages of Goya's art?

Joy/Acceptance, Criticism/Fantasy, Protest/War, Disillusionment/Darkness

What characterized Goya's first stage?

Bright colors, joy, tapestry cartoons, scenes of everyday life

What is "El quitasol"?

A joyful tapestry cartoon with strong diagonals and triangular composition

What characterized Goya's second stage?

Satire, fantasy, pessimism, witches, and criticism of society

What are "Los caprichos"?

82 satirical etchings criticizing human weakness and superstition

What is "El sueño de la razón produce monstruos" about?

When reason sleeps, irrationality and monsters appear

Why was "La maja desnuda" scandalous?

It celebrated realistic female beauty and was confiscated by the Inquisition

Why is "La familia de Carlos IV" considered satirical?

Goya subtly portrayed the royal family as weak

What characterized Goya's third stage?

War, brutality, protest, emotional intensity

What are "Los desastres de la guerra"?

Etchings protesting violence and the horrors of war

What is "El tres de mayo" about?

French troops executing Spanish rebels after an uprising

Why is "El tres de mayo" important?

It powerfully condemns war and human brutality

What characterized Goya's fourth stage?

Horror, fear, madness, darkness, witches, ghosts

What are the "Pinturas negras"?

Dark paintings filled with terror and despair

What is "Saturno devorando a un hijo" about?

Saturn violently consuming his son as a symbol of time and destruction

Who was Picasso?

A 20th-century Spanish artist and co-founder of Cubism known for constantly reinventing his style

What major movement did Picasso co-found?

Cubism

What are the overall characteristics of Picasso's art?

Multiple perspectives, geometric forms, emotional and political expression

What was Picasso's Blue Period?

A sad period dominated by blue tones and themes of poverty and isolation

What caused the Blue Period?

The suicide of his friend Carlos Casagemas

What is "El viejo guitarrista ciego" about?

A poor blind guitarist symbolizing suffering and isolation

What was Picasso's Rose Period?

A warmer, more playful period focused on circus performers and love

What subjects appeared during the Rose Period?

Acrobats, harlequins, couples, families

What characterized Picasso's African/Black Period?

Angular, mask-like figures inspired by African art

What is "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon"?

A revolutionary proto-Cubist painting with fragmented female figures

What is Cubism?

An art style showing multiple perspectives at once using geometric shapes

What is "Los tres músicos"?

A Synthetic Cubist painting of three musicians made of flat geometric forms

What characterized Picasso's Classical Phase?

A return to large, calm, classical figures after World War I

What is "Mujer e hijo"?

A serene mother-and-child painting inspired by classical sculpture

What is "Guernica"?

Picasso's massive anti-war painting about the bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War

Important symbols in "Guernica"

Bull = brutality/Spain, horse = suffering people, screaming mother, dead child, fractured chaos

Why is "Guernica" important?

It is one of the most powerful anti-war paintings ever created

Who was Salvador Dalí?

A 20th-century Spanish Surrealist painter known for dreamlike imagery and eccentric behavior

What is Surrealism?

An art movement based on dreams, the unconscious, and irrational imagery

What are the main characteristics of Dalí's style?

Photorealism mixed with impossible dream scenes, optical illusions, double images

What symbols commonly appear in Dalí's works?

Melting clocks, ants, eggs, elephants, crutches

What is "La persistencia de la memoria"?

A surreal painting with melting clocks symbolizing the flexibility of time

What do the ants in Dalí's paintings symbolize?

Decay and death

What is the "Mae West Room"?

A room designed to look like Mae West's face from a distance

What is "Lincoln en Dalivisión"?

A double-image painting that becomes Abraham Lincoln when viewed from far away

Which painter is associated with elongated religious figures?

El Greco

Which painter is associated with realism and atmosphere?

Velázquez

Which painter evolved from joy to darkness?

Goya

Which painter co-founded Cubism?

Picasso

Which painter is associated with Surrealism?

Dalí