History 101 FINAL SU
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58 Terms
How long did the 100 Years War last?
Over 100 years
How many phases did the 100 Years War have?
3
What are the 3 reasons for the 100 Years War?
1.) France did NOT allow Edward lll to be King
2.) Flanders (Part of France), Philip VI did not try to stop the revolt of woolen cloth in Flounders, resulting in it lasting longer. Costing Edward III more money
3.) Seizure of Gascony, France/Philip VI seized Gascony from Edward III
Why did people think France initially had the advantage in the war?
1.) France had a much larger population (4-5x larger)
2.) War took place in France
Who actually had the advantage in the war?
The British. France had no true war plan and problems
What did the British use to even the odds?
The Welsh Long Bow and used hired mercenaries
Who was the first King of France? (100 Years War)
Charles IV
Who was the first King of Britain? (100 Years War)
Edward III
Who was the King(s) of France during Phase 1 of the 100 Years War?
Philip VI
John II
Who was the King(s) of Britain during Phase 1 of the 100 Years War?
Edward III
Who was the King(s) of France during Phase 2 of the 100 Years War?
Charles VI
Who was the King(s) of Britain during Phase 2 of the 100 Years War?
Henry V
Who was the King(s) of France during Phase 3 of the 100 Years War?
Charles VII
Who was the King(s) of Britain during Phase 3 of the 100 Years War?
Henry VI
Who was the Black Prince?
Edward III son who fought in Phase 1 of the war. Very brutal
What happened during Phase 1 of the 100 Years War?
England captured the French King, John II
When was John II captured?
Battle of Poitiers
Who won Phase 1?
England
What was the Peace of Breitgny?
Peace treaty to end Phase 1 of the war
What were the agreements of the Peace of Breitgny
1.) France had to pay HUGE ransom for their King (John II)
2.) England regained Gascony and it was enlarged
3.) Edward III renounced any claim to the French throne
Who was the King after John II?
Charles V
Who was the King after Edward III?
Richard II
What happened to Richard II?
He was a weak King and was overthrown by his cousin Henry IV
What was the War of Roses?
War between House of York vs House of Lancaster (Richard II Dynasty vs Charles IV) (cousins)
What did the French do during the civil unrest/War of Roses in England?
Took land from them
Why did the 100 Years War renew? (Phase 2)
Because King Henry V (England) felt secure in his kingdom and sought to regain land that had been taken by France
Battle of Agincourt
French lost very badly. King was captured, again (Charles VI)
Who won Phase 2?
England
What did the Treaty of Troyes do?
Ended Phase 2 of the 100 Years War
What were the agreements of the Treaty of Troyes?
1.) France had to pay a HUGE ransom to get their King back, again
2.) Charles VI (France) had to allow his daughter to marry Henry V (England)
3.) Charles VI had to disinherit his son and Henry V his heir
What was significant that happened in 1422?
Both Charles VI and Henry V died in the same year
Why did both Charles the VI and Henry V dying at the same time cause a dispute?
Because England argued Henry VI was the new heir to the French throne. France said āNOā because the Treaty of Troyes said Henry V was the heir, not Henry VI
What did Henry V put into place before his death?
Gained even more French land that had been taken, Henry V also put English Lords in on French land
What did Joan of Ark claim?
That Charles VII was the true King of France
How did Joan of Ark receive her knowledge?
From God
What were Joan of Arks problems against her?
1.) Female
2.) Young
3.) Peasant/Poor
What did Joan of Ark say God told her?
That she must meet with King Charles VII and that she was told to fight/lead an army
What did Charles VII do when he spoke to Joan of Ark?
Gave her command of troops
Battle of Orleans
Joan of Ark lead the French to a MAJOR victory
Which battle āturned the tideā for the French?
The Battle of Orleans
What happened to Joan of Ark?
She was captured and tried as a heretic and burned at the steak
Who won Phase 3?
France
Who won the 100 Years War?
France
What happened after the 100 Years War was over?
England lost control of all French land except the small coastal town of Calais (They later lost Calais during the Tudor dynasty)
What does Renaissance mean?
Re-birth of art and learning
Where did the Renaissance begin?
Italy
What was the focus of the Renaissance?
Humanism (Achievements of Man)
What did the North Renaissance focus on?
More on religion
Who introduced the Printing Press?
Johan Gutenberg
How much did the printing press lower the cost of books?
By 90%
What was the first complete book printed on the printing press?
Gutenberg Bible
Columbian Exchangeā¦
The transfer/āexchangeā of goods globally
What did Martin Luther do?
Spoke out again the abuses of the Catholic Church
What was Martin Lutherās formal complaint called?
95 Theses
What Christian denomination did Martin Luther create?
Lutherism
What were Martin Luthers teachings?
1.) Salvation by Faith alone
2.) All Christian teachings should be clearly based on the Bible
3.) All people of the Faith are equal
What did John Calvin believe in?
Predestination. That it is already predetermined who will go to heaven and who will go to hell
1.) Saints
2.) Sinners
What is Theocracy?
Government ruled by a religion