2.2 - nomenelature and isomerism in organic compounds

Define homologous series

compounds with same general formula, similar chemical properties, graduation in physical properties and differ by CH2 group

Define functional group

reactive group within compound

Define structural isomers

molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula

Define geometrical isomers

molecules with same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms due to one or more C=C bond

Condensed formula - C4H10

CH3CH2CH2CH3

Displayed formula

everything

Structural formula

Condensed elements with bonds showing

How do homologous series differ?

by a CH2 group as same functional group but increasing C chain

Priority of functional groups in decreasing priority

carboxylic acid, alcohol, alkene, alkane, haloalkane

What change added to name if 2/3/4 functional groups present?

di/tri/tetra

How to find main group if molecule has over 1 functional group?

highest priority is main group

First 6 alkanes prefixes

meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex

Two types of structural isomerism

chain and position isomers

Chain isomerism

different arrangement of atoms on C chain

Positional isomerism

same functional group attached to different C atoms

Type of stereoisomerism

geometrical isomers

Geometrical isomerism

caused by restricted rotation around C=C bond, occurs if both C atoms have different groups attached

What is an E isomer?

priority groups opposite to eachother

What is a Z isomer?

priority groups same side to eachother

CIP priority rule 1

higher atomic no. = higher priority

CIP priority 2

if directly attached atoms same, compare next atoms along chain until difference