HIST-4004: Final Exam (People)

Hippocrates

Greek physician/philosopher

Father of modern medicine

Lived in 5th century BC

Galen

Greek physician/philosopher

Served under Marcus Aurelius

dissected animals, understanding of how body functions

Elagabalus

Emperor, highly erratic/uncontrolled rule

founded cult of Elagabal

assassinated by pretorian guard supported by Alexander Severus

Alexander Severus

Succeeded Elagabalus

dealt with conflict in East, recaptured Mesopotamia

assassinated in German frontier

Sassanid Empire

East empire in conflict with Rome

Palmyrene Empire

defeated Sassanid Empire

declared independence from Rome but short-lived

Queen Zenobia

Queen of Palmyra after husband is assassinated

Annexed Egypt, Syria, Asia Minor

Defeated by Aurelian at Battle of Immae who exiled her

Emperor Aurelian

relatively competent 5 year rule

reunification: defeat of Gallic/Palmyrene opposition

refortification: built Aurelian walls

established more stable form of currnency

assassinated by own officer

Emperor Diocletian

succeeded Aurelian, changed name to Diocletianus

Partnered with Maximian to rule western side of Empire

started the Tetrarchy

Vitruvius

Roman architect and engineer in 1st century BC

known for writing De Architectura

Septimius Severus

true provincial emperor, non-italian ancestry

declared himself son of Aurelius, brother of Commodus

named Caracalla Caesar but wanted him to co-rule with brother Geta

Caracalla

Son of Septimius Severus, brother to Geta

Granted citizenship to all freeborn inhabitants of Rome

known for brutality/oppressive rule, assassinated while on campaign in East

Geta

Brother of Caracalla, son of Septimius Severus

Murdered by Caracalla in mother’s arms

Julia Domna

Wife of Septimius Severus, mother to Caracalla/Geta

Socrates

Athenian philosopher, developed Dialectic method

Socratic method: answers questions by asking more questions

sentenced to death by Athenian assembly for “corrupting the youth”

Plato

Student of Socrates, wrote down his philosophies

Known for philosophy of the Forms:

Forms: perfect versions of all known objects/concepts, closer to forms=more virtuous life

Aristotle

Student of Plato, rejected theory of the Forms

Argued all could be known/understood

Foundational philosophy for science/math

Marcus Aurelius

Known as philosopher king, wrote Meditations

Refused to take title of Emperor unless brother Lucius Verus did as well

known for intelligence/oration

Lucius Verus

adoptive brother of Marcus Aurelius, co-ruled with him

Antoninus Pius

“model” emperor=kind, polite, diligent, purposeful

married faustina the elder, happy marraige

one of the longest reigning emperors, regarded as the best

Faustina the Elder

wife of Antoninus Pius, deified by him and constructed temple in her name

charity for young orphan girls

Commodus

only surviving son of Marcus Aurelius, becomes emperor after his passing

did little to govern/added to unrest

Hadrian

adopted son of Trajan

known as philhellene=Greek lover

Antinous

Young boy who was close companian/lover to Hadrian

architecture/statues constructed in his name after death

face for statue of David

Hadrian’s wall

separates Britannia from Scotland

Visual representation of Hadrian’s anti-expansion

Maximian

co-ruled with Diocletian, was made his Caesar

shortly then promoted to Augustus

Constantius

Caesar to Maximian (W)

Galerius

Caesar to Diocletian (E)

Severus

Caesar to Galerius after he was promoted to Augustus (E)

Maximin Daia

Caesar to Constantius after he was promoted to Augustus (W)

Licinius

Named Augustus in West before Constantine or Daia

Constantine

Named Augustus after Constantius dies (E)

Josephus

Roman/Jewish historian during Jewish revolts (~66AD)