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electrochemical series definition
list of electrode potentials in numerical order
standard conditions
298K, 100 kPa, [H+]= 1 mol dm^-3
salt bridge purpose
ions in the ionic substance of the salt bridge move across it, to complete the circuit
standard hydrogen electrode
H2 gas at 100 kPa
1 mol dm^-3 HCl
Pt electrode, temperature of 298K
why is EMF 0?
conc. of the same ion is equal in both.
H2/O2 Fuel Cell Equation
Anode: H2 → 2H+ + 2e-
Cathode: O2 +4H+ +4e- → 2H2O
Risks of H2/O2 fuel cells and benefits
reduced use of fossil fuels, safe by product
difficult to carry and transport, risk of explosion
Nickel Hydride Batteries
anode: Ni(OH)2 + OH- <=> NiO(OH) + H2O + e-
cathode: H2O + M + e- <=> OH- + MH
Lithium Batteries
Li+ +CoO2 + e- → Li[CoO2]
Li → Li+ + e-
why no need to replace electrolytes
reagent is produced in one equation and used in another
how is a current produced in a fuel cell
e- released at negative electrode passes through external circuit to the positive electrode
why is storing the fuel as a liquid better than a gas
easier to transport as it occupies less volume and is less volatile
why is EMF same in two different fuel cells
both have the same overall reaction