Chapter 10: Livestock Breeds

These flashcards cover key concepts and facts about livestock breeds, including characteristics of different cattle, pig, goat, sheep, and chicken breeds, and terminology related to their classification.

What breed of dairy cattle originated in Ayr Scotland and was brought to the USA in 1822?

Ayrshire

What breed is known for producing high quality milk and originated from Switzerland?

Brown Swiss

Which dairy breed has the highest butterfat percentage at 4.9%?

Jersey

What breed of dairy cattle is recognized for its health and high beta carotene in its milk?

Guernsey

What is the average milk production of Holstein cattle over 305 days?

28,000 pounds

Which breed was brought to the USA in 1840 and is from the Isle of Guernsey?

Guernsey

What breed of cattle is known as dual purpose (milk and meat) and was brought to the USA in 1783?

Milking Shorthorn

What is the average butterfat percentage for Jersey cattle?

4.9%

What breed of beef cattle was developed in the Charolles district of central France?

Charolais

What breed originated from India and was brought to the USA in 1854?

Brahman

What are the young female cattle called that have not produced a calf?

Heifer

Which breed of cattle has a yield of approximately 62.5% resulting in 750 lbs hanging weight from a 1200 lbs live weight?

General yield across beef cattle.

What do you call a male animal with an intact reproductive system?

Bull

What is the average market weight for a steer raised for meat?

1000-1200 pounds

Identify a breed of swine known for its high quality meat and originates from Hampshire. What is it called?

Hampshire

What are the average pounds of pork obtained from a 250 lbs live weight pig with a 73.6% yield?

184 lbs

What breed of sheep is known as Merino?

A wool breed that originated from Spain.

Which goat breed is recognized for its dairy production and is the largest breed?

Nubian

What are the key characteristics of a 'market steer'?

Raised to 1000-1200 pounds for meat.

What is the main feature recognized in a Female exhibiting ideal cattle judging structure?

Level hip structure.

What breed of pig is known for muscle, leanness and originates from the USA?

Yorkshire

What is the yield percentage for pork from a 250 lbs live weight?

73.6%

List one breed of beef cattle that is dual purpose.

Gelbvieh

What is the primary definition of 'veal'?

Calves that are raised to 475-500 pounds.

What breed of dairy cattle is native to the Isle of Jersey?

Jersey

Which breed of beef cattle is the most common globally?

Simmental

What breed of cattle is characterized as having a strong top structure?

Strong Top

What do you call a male animal that has been castrated?

Steer

What is the butterfat percentage for Guernsey cattle?

4.5%

What breed is known for raising to high weights quickly and is adapted due to good health?

Milking Shorthorn

Which breed has a high yield percentage due to its meat quality?

Angus

What breed of sheep is known for being a popular meat breed in the USA?

Suffolk

What is the typical milk production for Ayrshire cattle in thousands of pounds over 305 days?

17,000 lbs

What is the average protein percentage for Holstein dairy cattle?

3.2%

What is a common breed for meat production that has origins in the southwest USA?

Brahman

What breed of dairy cattle is also known for cheese production?

Brown Swiss

What is the characteristic percentage of protein for Milking Shorthorn cattle?

3.3%

Define the live weight and yield calculation for a 1200 lbs steer.

1200 lbs live weight, 750 lbs hanging weight.

What is the defining feature of Hampshire pigs recognized in the industry?

High quality pork.

What does 'hooks to pins' refer to in cattle judging?

Slope from hooks to pins.

Name the oldest breed of sheep in the USA.

Lincoln.

Identify the breed of goat known for its meat production.

Boer.

Which chicken breed is recognized for egg production?

White Leghorn.

What breed is described as a dual-purpose breed raised for both milk and meat?

Gelbvieh.

What characteristic clarifies an adult female that has produced a calf?

Cow.

What breed is known for the amount of protein, and what is the percentage for Jersey?

3.7%.

Describe the breed that originated in England and is popular for its beef quality.

Hereford.

What breed of pig was brought to the USA from Germany in 1971?

Duroc.

How much does a typical beef steer weigh at market?

1000-1200 lbs.

Identify a sheep breed known for producing high-quality wool. What is it?

Merino.

What typical yield percentage is calculated from live weight in pork?

73.6%.

Explain the benefits of Guernsey milk in terms of health. What is a unique component?

High Beta carotene.

State the function of the brisket in cattle anatomy.

Part of the chest structure.

What is the typical hanging weight from a 250 lbs live weight hog?

184 lbs.

What is the age classification for a calf?

Young offspring of a cow.

What is the resistance characteristic of beef breeds in terms of yield and weight?

Robust and productive.

List a breed of swine that has its origins in Yorkshire.

Yorkshire.

Which goat breed is known for its ability to faint?

Fainting goat.

What is the average milk production of Guernsey cattle over 305 days?

14.7 thousand pounds.

What does 'yield' refer to in cattle farming?

The quantity of meat obtained after slaughter.

Which breed originated from Switzerland and is known for robustness?

Brown Swiss.

From which breed is the term 'veal' derived?

Calves.

What is the defining quality of the Simmental breed?

Dual purpose.

What breed was brought to the USA in 1852 and is the most recognized milk-producing breed?

Holstein.

What is the key nutritional component of pork identified in the cuts?

Protein.

Which breed of dairy cattle has a butterfat percentage of 4.0%?

Brown Swiss.

What breed is described as high yielding when considering overall dairy production?

Holstein.

What component differentiates Ayrshire milk from others?

Higher butterfat percentage.

Define the term 'cattle judging'.

The assessment of cattle based on physical traits.

Identify the breed of sheep recognized for meat. What is it classified as?

Suffolk.

What is the breed usage of the milking shorthorn?

Both milk and meat production.

Which breed of goat is notable for its dairy productivity?

Nubian.

How many pounds of beef can be expected from a 1200 lbs live weight?

750 lbs.

What characteristic does a milking shorthorn breed exhibit in terms of productivity?

Adaptation and good health.

At what age does a heifer mature into a cow?

After producing a calf.

What is typical live weight for a cow in market conditions?

1000-1200 pounds.