Bioethics

Ethics

is defines as branch of philosophy that deals with the morality of human conduct. It is also defines as the formal study of moral choices that conforms to standards conform

morality

is the quality of a human conduct

Normative ethics

seeks to set norms or standards for conduct

Meta-ethics

also known as analytical ethics, does not deal with the substantive content of ethical theories or moral judgements but rather with questions about their nature, such as the question whether moral judgements are objective or subjective

Applied ethics

or practical ethics, is the application of normative ethical theories to practical problems. It is a definite application of ethics to a specific bioethical issue.

bioethics

is a philosophical discipline that deals with the study of morality of human conduct in relation to health in particular and to human life in general

Stewardship principle

embodies the concept that a steward has obligation to take good care and improve a thing or asset entrusted to him/her. From a medical standpoint, humans entrusted with their bodies and have the obligation to preserve and develop it.

Totality Principle

parts of physical entity, as parts, are ordained to the good of the physical whole.

Totality Principle

means that all parts of human body, as parts, are meant to exist and function for the good of the whole body and are thus naturally subordinated to the good of the whole body.

Double effect principle

contemplates that it is permissible to cause harm as a side effect (or “double effect”) of bringing about a good result even though it would not be permissible to cause such a harm as a means to bringing about the same good end

Principle of cooperation

is a bioethical concept that differentiates the action of the wrongdoer from the action of the cooperator

Formal cooperation

defined as willing participation on the part of the cooperative agent in the sinful act of the principal agent

Material cooperation

occurs when the cooperator does not intend the object of the wrongdoer’s activity but actively participating in the deed by which the evil is performed

Autonomy

entails that the health-care professionals should respect the autonomous decisions of competent adults. The word autonomy comes from the greek autos-nomos meaning “self-rule” or “self-determination”

beneficence

holds that health care should aim to do good. Reflects the fact that medical interventions must be beneficial to the patient.

Non-maleficence

requires that health-care professionals should do no harm

Justice

holds that health-care professionals should act fairly when the interests of different individuals or groupd are in competition

comparative justice

refers to balancing the competing interests of individual and groups against one another

distributive justice

refers to the fair distribution of health-care services to all

Imprudence

indicates a deficiency of action

Negligence

points to a deficiency of perception

Imprudence

If a person failrs to take necessary precaution to avoid injury to a person, ______ is present

Negligence

if a person fails to pay proper attention and to use due diligence in foreseeing the injury or damage about to occur there is ________

felony

if a crime is punishable by the revised penal code then the crimes is called ________

offense

if the crime is enalized by other special penal laws, it is called an _______

Bioethical issue

is an ethical dispute that requires the application of ethical principle for its resolution