Final Health Notes(thank god)

psychoactive drugs

Chemicals that affect the central nervous system and alter activity in the brain

designer drugs

Synthetic drugs that are made to imitate the effects of other drugs

hallucinogens

Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions, including vision, hearing, smell, and touch

euphoria

a feeling of intense well-being or elation

depressants

drugs that tend to slow the central nervous system

Rohypnol

known for as the “date-rape” drug

GHB

gamma hydroxybutyric acid, central nervous system depressant

Ketamine

an anesthetic used to treat animals

stimulant

a drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs

LSD (Acid)

can cause hallucinations and severely distorted perceptions of sound and color

Cocaine

an rapidly acting, powerful and highly addictive stimulant

Crack

causes heart rate and blood pressure to soar to dangerous levels

Amphetamines

high addictive drugs that some people use to stay alert, improve athletic performance or lose weight, but regular use can result in an irregular heartbeat, paranoia, aggressive behavior, and heart failure

PCP

creates a distorted sense of time, increased muscle strength, increased feelings of violence, and the inability to feel pain

Opiates

Drugs such as those derived from the opium plant that are obtainable only by prescription and are sed to relieve pain

Codeine

can cause drowsiness, dizziness, labored breathing, low blood pressure, seizures, and respiratory arrest, found in some prescription cough medicines

Morphine

side effects include fast or slow heartbeat, seizures, hallucinations, blurred vision, rashes, and difficulty swallowing, sometimes prescribed to treat severe pain

Heroin

a processed form of morphine that is injected, snorted, or smoked, slows breathing and pulse rate and can cause infection of the heart lining and valves, liver disease, coma or death

marijuana

a plant whose leaves, buds, and flowers are sometimes smoked for their intoxicating effects

Health Risks of Marijuana Use

Increased appetite leading to weight gain, Decreased initiative and ambition, Bloodshot eyes, dry mouth, Weakened immunity to infection, and Changed hormone levels

Marijuana smoke

Contains more cancer-causing chemicals than tobacco smoke

Physical Consequences of Marijuana Use

Users often inhale the unfiltered smoke, Users may be more susceptible to infections, and Users’ hormone levels are affected

THC

main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana

Mental/Emotional Consequences of Marijuana Use

dizziness, distorted perception, impaired memory, and trouble thinking rationally

Paranoia

an irrational suspiciousness or distrust of others

Inhalants

Substances whose fumes are sniffed or inhaled to give effect

Inhaling solvents, aerosols, glues, paints, varnishes, and gasoline causes

liver and kidney damage, blindness, brain damage, paralysis, cardiac arrest, and death

Immediate Effects of Inhalants

glassy store, slurred speech, impaired judgment, nausea, coughing, nosebleeds, fatigue, and lack of coordination

anabolic-androgenic steroids

Synthetic substances similar to made sex hormones

Consequences of Anabolic-androgenic steroid use

weak tendons and ligaments, weight gain, acne, high blood pressure, liver and kidney tumors, HIV or hepatitis B, violent behavior, extreme mood swings, depression and paranoia

Effects on Males

Shrinking testicles, reduced sperm count, baldness, development of breasts, increased risk of prostate cancer

Effects on Females

Facial hair, baldness, menstrual cycle changes, a deepened voice

substance abuse

Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for non-medical purposes

Substance abuse including

Overuse of a drug, Multiple use of a drug, Use of an illegal drug, Use of drug with alcohol

illegal drugs

Chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy, or sell

illicit drug use

The use or sale of any substance that is illegal or otherwise not permitted

Factors that Influence Teens

Peer Pressure, Family Members, Role Models, Media Messages, Perceptions of Drug Behavior, Misleading Information

Overdose

A strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug

Psychological dependence

Believe that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally

Addiction

A physiological or psychological dependence on a drug

Physiological dependence

A chemical need for a drug and experiences symptoms of withdrawal when the effects of the drug wear off

Addiction Cycle Part 1

The user takes the drug again to relieve withdrawal symptoms and repeat the feelings of short-term pleasure

Addiction Cycle Part 2

A user takes a drug to experience short-term pleasure

Addiction Cycle Part 3

As the effects of the drug wear off, the user then experiences symptoms of withdrawal

Consequences for the Individual

stop pursuing interests and goals, engage in dangerous behaviors, engage in sexual activity, act recklessly, be depressed, be at risk of suicide, be involved in violence or crime, be arrested

Blood alcohol concentration

the amount of alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed as a percentage

Alcohol in blood

Slow reflexes, Reduced ability to judge distances and speeds, Increases in risk-taking behaviors, Reduced concentration and increased forgetfulness

Driving While Intoxicated

Adult drivers who have a BAC of 0.08 percent can be charged with drunk driving

Consequences of DWI or DUI

Injuries to or death of the driver and others, Arrest, jail time, court appearances, a fine or bail, a police record, and possible lawsuits, Severely restricted driving privileges and/or immediate confiscation of a driver’s license, Higher auto insurance rates or a cancelled insurance policy

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome(FAS)

a group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical and mental problems, infants born to mothers who drink during pregnancy are at risk of fetal alcohol syndrome

Infants born with FAS

Small head and deformities of face, hands, and feet, Heart, liver, and kidney defects, Vision and hearing problems, central nervous system problems, developmental disabilities, and poor coordination, difficulties learning and short attention span, Hyperactivity, anxiety, and social withdrawal

Alcoholics

are physically and/or psychologically dependent on alcohol

Craving

A strong need for alcohol to manage tension or stress, and a preoccupation with alcohol

Loss of control

Inability to limit alcohol consumption

Physical dependence

Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety

Tolerance

A need to drink increasingly more alcohol in order to feel its effects

Alcoholic

An addict who is dependent on alcohol

Factors that Contribute to Alcoholism

Genetics, Family, Friends, Cultue, Peer, pressure, Availablilty of alcohol, Stress, Age at which a person begins drinking

Stage 1

Abuse

Stage 2

Dependence

Stage 3

Addiciton

Recovery

The process of learning to live an alcohol-free life

Sobriety

Living without alcohol

Resources and Programs To Help Alcoholics

SAMSHA’s National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD), National Drug and Alcohol Treatment Referral Routing Service, National Association for Children of Alcoholics, Al-Anon/Alateen, Alcoholics Anonymous, Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)

Alcohol

an addictive drug, impairs the central nervous system

ethanol

the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages, an powerful and addictive drug

fermentation

the chemical action of yeast on sugars

Depressant

A drug that slows the central nervous system Ex: Alcohol

Intoxication

The state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance, and the person’s physical and mental control is significantly reduced

Body Size

A smaller person feels the effect of the same amount of alcohol faster than a larger person does

Gender

Alcohol generally moves into the bloodstream faster in females

Food

Food in the stomach slows down the passage of alcohol into the bloodstream

Rate of Intake

Drinking alcohol faster than the liver can break it down can lead to intoxication

Amount

As the amount of alcohol consumed increases, the level of alcohol in the bloodstream rises

Medicine

Alcohol can interfere with the effects of medicines, and medicines can heighten the effects of alcohol

Long-Term Effects of Alcohol Use to Brain

Addiction, Loss of brain function, and Brain damage

Long-Term Effects of Alcohol Use to Cardiovascular Changes

Heart Damage and High Blood Pressure

Long-Term Effects of Alcohol Use to Liver and Kidney

Alcoholic hepatitis, Cirrhosis of the liver and Fatty Liver

Long-Term Effects of Alcohol Use to Digestive System Problems

Damage to digestive lining

Long-Term Effects of Alcohol Use to Pancreas Problems

Swelling of the pancreas lining

binge drinking

Drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting

Alcohol poisoning

a severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose

Symptoms of Alcohol Poisoning

Hypothermia or low body temperature, Irregular heartbeat, Slow respiration, Mental confusion, Coma and an inability to be roused, and Vomiting and seizures

Addictive drug

A substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence Ex: Tobacco

Nicotine

The addictive drug found in tobacco leaves

Stimulant

A drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs, Ex: Nicotine

Carcinogen

A cancer-causing substance Ex: Tobacco

Tar

A thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns Ex: Cigarette smoke contains tar. Tar causes paralyzing and destroying cilia, damaging lung tissue, and destroying the alveoli to the smoker’s respiratory system

Carbon monoxide

A colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas, deprives the body’s tissues and cells of oxygen

Cigars

contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes

Smokeless tobacco

Tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed, are absorbed into the body at levels up to three times the amount of a single cigarette

Leukoplakia

Thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer

Short-Term effects of Tobacco Use

Brain chemistry changes, Respiration and heart rate increases, Taste buds are dulled and appetite is reduced, Bad breath, yellowed teeth, and smelly hair, skin and clothing

Long-Term Effects of Tobacco Use

Chronic bronchitis, Emphysema, Lung Cancer, Coronary heart disease and stroke, and a weakened immune system

Long-Term Effects of Tobacco Use; Nervous System

Addiction and Stroke

Long-Term Effects of Tobacco Use; Respiratory System

Coughing, Chronic bronchitis, emphysema and lung cancer

Long-Term Effects of Tobacco Use; Circulatory System

Increased heart rate and blood pressure, Hardened arteries, decreased blood flow, Heart attack and stroke

Long-Term Effects of Tobacco Use; Excretory System

Cancer of the bladder, Cancer of the kidneys

Long-Term Effects of Tobacco Use; Digestive System

Cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, Gum recession, tooth decay, tooth loss, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Cancers of the stomach and pancreas

Legal Consequences

Selling tobacco products to minors is illegal, Using tobacco at school can lead to suspension or expulsion