[BIO 102] Chapter 22 Obj jc

What are vegetative parts of land plants?

Parts of the plant that have nothing to do with reproduction

What are the three vegetative plant organs?

Stems, leaves, roots

What are the functions of Stems?

Support, storage, transport sugars and waters

What are the functions of Leaves?

Photosynthesis, transpiration

What are the functions of Roots?

Uptake, absorb, and transport nutrients

What are the two main parts of a leaf?

Petiole, Blade

What are the shoot system and roots system?

Shoot - Everything above the soil
Root - Everything below the soil

What are two functions of the shoot and root systems?

Both for support and storage

What are the functions of terminal and axillary buds?

Terminal - Future/primary growth
Axillary - Lateral growth, wider for secondary stems

What are nodes and internodes?

Nodes - A branching point from the main stem
Inter - Space between nodes

What are Fruits?

Things that contain and protect seeds

What are primary growth and secondary growth?

Primary - Vertical growth
Secondary - Lateral growth

What are Herbaceous plants?

Smaller, not stable enough for vertical growth, shoot remains green and undergoes photosynthesis

What are Woody plants?

Wider, stable enough for vertical growth, not green, brown from bark

What are three plant tissues?

Dermal, Ground, Vascular

What are two functions of Dermal tissue?

Prevent water loss, protection from elements

What are the functions of Ground tissue?

Support, storage, photosynthesis

What are two functions of Vascular tissue?

Transport water and nutrients throughout the plant

What are Cuticles?

Waxy outer layer secreted by epidermis

What are Stomata?

Opening of the leaf

What are Guard cells?

Guarding the opening of the leaf

What are the two types of vascular tissue?

Xylem, Phloem

What are the general functions of Xylem and Phloem?

Xylem - Only moves water up
Phloem - Moves nutrients and sugars up or down

What are the two categories of plant cells?

Conducting, Non Conducting

What are the three general nonconducting plant cells?

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma

What is the function of Parenchyma?

Storage, photosynthesis

What is the function of Collenchyma?

Provide flexible support

What is the function of Sclerenchyma?

Provide rigid support

What are the four conducting plant cells?

Tracheids, Vessel elements, Sieve tube elements, Companion cells

What are Sieve Plates?

Allows organic material to move up and down the plant

What are the two major groups of angiosperms?

Monocot, Eudicot

What are five differences between monocots and eudicots?

Monocot - one cotyledon, parallel veins in leaf, scattered vascular bundles, fibrous root, floral parts in 3s
Eudicot - two cotyledons, netlike veins in leaf, ringlike vascular bundles, taproot, floral parts in 4s or 5s

What are vascular bundles, pith, and cortex?

Vascular bundles - a bundle of vascular tissue
Pith - ground tissue inside of vascular tissue
Cortex - ground tissue outside of vascular tissue

What are veins?

Vascular bundles in leaves

What are fibrous root systems and taproot systems?

Fibrous - shallow, dense, no primary root, lateral roots similar in length
Taproot - deeper, bigger primary taproot, smaller lateral roots

What are Vascular Cylinders?

All xylem and phloem in the center of the root

What is Endodermis?

Regulates what comes in and out of the vascular tissue

What is Pericycle?

Area where lateral roots arise from

What is Meristem?

Growth tissue

What is apical and lateral meristem?

Apical - Growth tissue at the very top and bottom of the plant
Lateral - Horizontal growth, width/girth

What occurs in the Zone of Cell Divison?

Mitosis, cell division

What occurs in the Zone of Elongation?

Newly formed cells increase in length

What occurs in the Zone of Maturation (Differentiation)?

Cells become mature and specialized

What is the function of the root cap?

Protects the zone of division

What is the Vascular Cambium?

Meristem that runs through the vascular tissue

Which three tissues does the Vascular Cambium produce?

Rays, Xylem, Phloem

What is Wood?

Xylem

What is the cork cambium, and what does it produce?

Another layer of meristem that makes cork

What is the function of bark, and what does it include?

Protection, includes cork, cork cambium, and phloem

What is Heartwood?

Structure support in the center of the xylem

What is Sapwood?

Outer layer that transports water and nutrients