OST PREP

13th A

Abolishment of Slavery.

19th A

Women’s voting rights.

24th A

Poll taxes/Grandfather Clauses/Literacy Tests, gone.

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Executive Orders

Legally binding directives signed by the U.S. president that manage federal government operations without requiring Congressional approval. Laws or things that the president wants to do, that he does, without Congress’ approval.

Line item veto

when the president vetoes PART of a bill.

Chief of State / Chief Citizen Role

Just…. look good?

Primary Elections

Primary voters select party nominees in early-year elections. Go with the candidate you love (the one most loyal to your party) or go with the candidate that is the most electable. (NOT THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE)

12th Amendment

Electors vote for both President and Vice president. Separates the president and the vice president on the electoral ballot. Was made to avoid presidents of one party getting paired with a VP of the opposing party.

22nd Amendment

No person shall be elected to the office of the president more than twice.

23rd Amendment

Electoral college reps in DC.

25th Amendment

The president dies, the vice president takes over. S3: If the president voluntarily passes on the power to the vice president. S4: How you can do s3 without the president. Has to get the support of the president’s candidate to hand over the power to the vice president.

Faithless Electors

Members of the electoral college that don’t go with the popular vote.

17th Amendment

The senate term lengths and powers.

Trustee

M.E. Maximum Efficiency.

Delegate

Goes with what the people want.

Partisan

Goes with their party.

Pragmatic

Goes with what’s right in the world, not a specific party, leader, or group of people.

14th Amendment

Due Process + States have to follow Due Process

16th Amendment

Give Congress the power to collect federal income taxes

Gridlock

When government fails to make decisions due to partisan disagreement, resulting in inaction on important issues. A situation where opposing parties in government cannot reach agreements. (Two parties can’t come to an agreement.)

22nd Amendment

Limits the president to two terms in office.

Domestic Policy

Refers to decisions and actions taken by a government regarding issues within its own country, including economic, social, and environmental matters.

Congress Powers

The powers granted to Congress by the U.S. Constitution, including the authority to legislate, regulate commerce, and declare war.

Supremacy Clause

The Supremacy Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution stating that federal law takes precedence over state laws when there is a conflict, establishing the Constitution as the supreme law of the land.

McCulloch V Maryland

A landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of federal supremacy over state laws as well as Necessary and Proper Clause.

Interest Group Lobbying

The practice of organized groups attempting to influence government policy and decision-making. Interest groups seek to promote their specific causes by advocating for legislation and regulations that align with their goals.

House of Representatives Powers

Initiate revenue bills, impeach federal officials, and elect the president in an Electoral College deadlock.

Concurrent Powers

Powers shared by both federal and state governments, such as the ability to tax, build roads, and create lower courts.

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States.

21st Amendment

Repealed the 18th Amendment, ending prohibition and allowing the legal manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

Five Principals

Popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, and federalism.

Judicial Review

The power of courts to examine and invalidate laws or government actions that are inconsistent with the Constitution. (Marbury V. Madison)

Precedent

A legal principle established in a previous case that influences future cases with similar issues or facts.