Urinary System Disorders

polyuria

excess urination

oliguria

decreased urine production

anuria

absence of urination

hematuria

blood in urine

nocturia

urinating frequently at night

dysuria

painful urination

retention

inability to fully empty bladder

incontinence

involuntary urination

enuresis

bedwetting

glycosuria

sugar in urine

pyuria

pus in urine

cystitis

inflammation of the urinary bladder; caused by E. Coli-more common in females due to shorter urethra; dysuria, take antibiotics

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the kidney; acute (suddenly, after another infection) chronic (slowly, over several years-leads to complete kidney failure); hematuria, hypertension, fatigue, congestive renal/heart failure, death-treat symptoms

renal calculi

kidney stones-when salts in urine settle, small ones can be passed, but will be painful; larger ones block ureters so will need lithotripsy (laser breaks them into smaller pieces), increased fluids, meds- sudden pain, hematuria, retention

renal failure

when kidneys lose ability to sufficiently filter waste from blood, acute or chronic-5 stages, 5th you need dialysis; oliguria

dialysis

hemodialysis-blood passes through machine with semi-permeable membrane to act like a kidney; takes 2-3hrs 3-4 times a week

renal transplant

if both kidneys fail-there's a risk of rejection

peritoneal dialysis

constantly collecting waste from blood; dialysate travels through a catheter and fills abdomen to clean cavity; fluid, waste, electrolytes, chemicals pass from blood vessels in peritoneum to dialysate

pyelonephritis

inflammation of kidney tissue and renal pelvis; caused by pyuria; chills, fever, back pain, dysuria, hematuria-take antibiotics

uremia

toxic condition where urinary waste is in bloodstream; symptoms-ammonia breath, anuria, headache, confusion, death, coma-dialysis, transplant

urethritis

inflammation of urethra; from bacteria, virus, chemicals; dysuria, itching at renal meatus, usually in men; treat-sitz bath, warm compressions, antibiotics, increase fluids