Nutrition Program Overview

These flashcards cover the essential concepts and vocabulary related to the nutrition program, including the types of nutrients, their functions, deficiencies, and dietary guidelines.

Nutrients

Substances that provide nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life.

Macronutrients

Nutrients required in large amounts; includes carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Micronutrients

Essential nutrients required by the body in smaller amounts; includes vitamins and minerals.

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; primary source of energy.

Proteins

Large molecules made up of amino acids; necessary for building tissues and muscle.

Fats (Lipids)

Organic compounds that are fatty acids or derivatives; important for energy storage.

Caloric Intake

The total number of calories consumed in a day.

FDA recommended intake

The suggested daily caloric intake as set by the Food and Drug Administration, generally around 2,200 calories.

Water-soluble vitamins

Vitamins that dissolve in water; includes B-complex and vitamin C.

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins that dissolve in fat; includes vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Malnutrition

Deficiency, excess, or imbalance in a person’s intake of energy and/or nutrients.

Kwashiorkor

A form of malnutrition caused by inadequate protein intake, characterized by edema.

Marasmus

A form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency.

Micronutrient Deficiency

A lack of essential vitamins and minerals in the diet.

Vitamin A Deficiency

A deficiency that can lead to xerophthalmia and night blindness.

Iron deficiency anemia

Condition resulting from lack of iron leading to decreased hemoglobin in red blood cells.

Iodine deficiency

Lack of iodine which can lead to goiter and other health issues.

Nutritional guidelines

Recommendations for a balanced diet to promote health.

Exclusive breastfeeding

Feeding an infant only breast milk for the first six months of life without any supplementary feeding.