Chronic CNS and Respiratory Disorders Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to chronic CNS and respiratory disorders, including pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, management, and nursing interventions.

Pathophysiology of tension headaches involves __________ and __________.

Muscular contraction + central sensitization

Migraines are characterized by __________ and __________.

Vascular dysfunction; cortical spreading (aura)

Cluster headaches are associated with __________ dysfunction of the __________.

Neurological; hypothalamus

Secondary headaches can occur due to an underlying __________ problem.

Structural

Examples of secondary headaches include __________ and __________.

Stroke; trauma

The clinical manifestations of tension headaches include __________ and __________.

Constant pressure pain; sensitivity to light

Cluster headaches typically present with __________ pain around the __________.

Unilateral; eye

Migraines can lead to symptoms like __________, __________, and __________.

Mood changes; fluid retention; aura

Management of headaches includes medications such as __________ and __________.

NSAIDs; triptans

Nursing interventions for headaches include assessing __________ and __________.

Vital signs; pain scale

Actions for headache management involve maintaining a __________ and __________ environment.

Calm; dark

Next steps in diagnostics for headaches include __________, __________, and __________.

Blood tests; CT; MRI

Non-epileptic seizures might be caused by __________, __________, or __________.

Trauma; surgery; strokes

Clinical manifestations of seizures include __________ and __________.

Rhythmic jerking; loss of consciousness

Antiepileptic medications include __________ and __________.

Carbamazepine; Valproate

Complications associated with seizures include __________, which is a medical emergency.

Status epilepticus

Nursing interventions for seizures include assessing __________ and __________.

Airway; vital signs

Alzheimer's Disease primarily affects __________, __________, and __________.

Memory; thinking; behavior

Risk factors for Alzheimer’s include age, __________, and __________.

Family history; cardiovascular disease

Clinical manifestations of Alzheimer’s Disease include __________ and __________.

Short-term memory issues; emotional lability

Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s can only be confirmed by __________ after death.

Autopsy

The first sign of Alzheimer’s Disease is often __________.

Forgetfulness

Nursing interventions for Alzheimer’s include assessing __________ and __________.

Weights & I&O; cognitive function

Parkinson's Disease is characterized by the loss of __________ producing brain cells.

Dopamine

Key clinical manifestations of Parkinson's include tremors and __________.

Rigidity

Nursing interventions for Parkinson's Disease include assessing __________ and __________ difficulties.

Gag; swallow

Assessment for dysphagia is important because it increases risk for __________.

Aspiration pneumonia

The management goal for patients with IBS includes maintaining a __________ and __________ diet.

High-fiber; balanced

Chronic bronchitis is defined as having a cough and sputum production for at least __________ in each of __________ consecutive years.

3 months; 2

Risk factors for COPD include __________ and __________ exposure.

Smoking; dust

COPD management includes the use of __________ and __________.

Bronchodilators; inhaled glucocorticoids

Clinical manifestations of asthma include wheezing and __________.

Dyspnea

Management for asthma may involve the use of a __________ and individualized action plan.

Peak flow meter

Medications for asthma include short-acting beta agonists like __________.

Albuterol

Complications of asthma include __________, which is life-threatening.

Status asthmaticus

Nursing diagnosis for respiratory disorders includes ineffective __________ and ineffective __________.

Airway clearance; breathing pattern

Cirrhosis may lead to complications like __________ and __________.

Portal hypertension; ascites

Nursing interventions for liver disorders may include monitoring __________ and __________ status.

Fluid; electrolyte

In cases of pancreatitis, mechanical digestion of the pancreas occurs due to __________.

Enzyme autodigestion

Medical management of pancreatitis involves using __________ and __________ therapy.

Nutritional; insulin

Patient education for managing pancreatitis includes avoiding __________ and reducing __________.

Alcohol; fat intake

Nursing assessments for gastrointestinal disorders include monitoring __________ and __________.

Bowel patterns; weight

For ulcerative colitis, management often requires __________ and __________ management.

Fluid; electrolyte

Continuous education and support for patients include keeping a __________ and avoiding __________ foods.

Food diary; trigger

Inflammation in the liver is often diagnosed through assessments of __________ and __________ levels.

AST; ALT

Medical management for hepatitis can include __________ and __________.

Antiviral agents; vaccinations

Increased respiratory rates and anxiety are common symptoms in patients with __________.

COPD

Monitoring serum bilirubin levels is critical in patient management of __________.

Liver disorders

The dietary recommendation for patients with liver issues involves moderate protein and limiting __________.

Sodium